flat tire FORD MUSTANG 2003 User Guide

Shimmy
Shimmy, as observed by the driver, is large, consistent, rotational oscillations of the steering wheel
resulting from large, side-
to-side (lateral) tire/wheel movements.
Shimmy is usually experienced near 64 km/h (40 mph), and can begin or be amplified when the tire
contacts pot holes or irregularities in the road surface.
Nibble
Sometimes confused with shimmy, nibble is a condition resulting from tire interaction with various road
surfaces and observed by the driver as small rotational oscillations of the steering wheel.
Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
Poor returnability and sticky steering is used to describe the poor return of the steering wheel to center
after a turn or steering correction is completed.
Drift/Pull
Pull is a tugging sensation, felt in the steering wheel, that must be overcome to keep the vehicle going
straight.
Drift describes what a vehicle with this condition does with hands off the steering wheel.
zDrift/pull may be induced by conditions external to the vehicle (i.e., wind, road camber).
Poor Groove Feel
Poor groove feel is characterized by little or no buildup of turning effort felt in the steering wheel as the
wheel is rocked slowly left and right within very small turns around center or straight- ahead (under 20
degrees of steering wheel turn). Efforts may be said to be "flat on center."
zUnder 20 degrees of turn, most of the turning effort that builds up comes from the mesh of gear
teeth in the steering gear (3504). In this range, the steering wheel is not yet turned enough to
feel the effort from the self- aligning forces at the road wheel or tire patch.
z In the diagnosis of a handling problem, it is important to understand the difference between
wander and poor groove feel. Klj . 5 ba
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z
Excessive front or
rear toe (rapid inner
or outer edge
wear). z
CHECK the wheel alignment.
ADJUST as necessary.
z Excessive negative
or positive camber
(rapid inner or outer
edge wear). z
CHECK the wheel alignment.
ADJUST as necessary.
z Tires out of balance
(tires cupped or
dished). z
BALANCE tires.
z Rough ride zStrut(s). zINSTALL new strut(s) as
necessary. REFER to Section 204 - 01 .
z Shock absorber(s). zINSTALL new shock absorber
(s) as necessary.
z Front coil springs or
rear springs (5560). z
INSTALL new front coil
springs or rear springs as
necessary. REFER to Section 204 - 01 or
Section 204 - 02 .
z Shimmy or
wheel tramp z
Loose wheel nut(s). zTIGHTEN to specification.
REFER to Section 204 - 04 .
z Loose front
suspension
fasteners. z
TIGHTEN to specification.
REFER to Section 204 - 01 .
z Front wheel bearing
(s). z
REFER to Wheel Bearing Inspection in this section.
z Wheel or tire
runout. z
REFER to Section 204 - 04 .
z Tire flatspotting. zREFER to Section 204 - 04 .
z Shock absorber(s). zINSTALL new shock absorber
(s) as necessary.
z Loose, worn or
damaged ball joint
(s). z
GO to the Ball Joint Inspection
component test in this section.
z Loose, worn or
damaged steering
components. z
REFER to Section 211 - 00 .
z Front wheel
alignment. z
CHECK the wheel alignment.
ADJUST as necessary.
z Sticky steering,
poor returnability z
Ball joints. zGO to the Ball Joint Inspection
component test in this section.
z Steering
components. z
REFER to Section 211 - 00 .
z Steering wheel
off- center z
Unequal front or
rear toe settings
(side-to- side). z
CHECK the wheel alignment.
ADJUST as necessary.
z Steering
components. z
REFER to Section 211 - 00 .
z Sway or roll zOverloaded,
unevenly or
incorrectly loaded
vehicle. z
NOTIFY the customer of
incorrect vehicle loading.
z Loose wheel nut(s). zTIGHTEN to specification. Klj . 3 ba
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REFER to
Section 204 - 04 .
z Strut(s). zINSTALL new strut(s) as
necessary. REFER to Section 204 - 01 .
z Shock absorber(s). zINSTALL new shock absorber
(s) as necessary.
z Loose front
stabilizer bar (5482)
or rear stabilizer
bar (5A772). z
TIGHTEN to specification.
REFER to Section 204 - 01 or
Section 204 - 02 .
z Worn stabilizer
assembly bushing
(s). z
INSTALL new bushing(s) as
necessary. REFER to Section 204 - 01 or
Section 204 - 02 .
z Front coil spring(s)
or rear spring(s). z
INSTALL new front coil
springs or rear springs as
necessary. REFER to Section 204 - 01 or
Section 204 - 02 .
z Vehicle leans to
one side z
Unevenly loaded or
overloaded vehicle. z
NOTIFY the customer of
incorrect vehicle loading.
z Front or rear
suspension
components. z
INSPECT the front and rear
suspension system. REPAIR
or INSTALL new suspension
components as necessary.
REFER to Section 204 - 01 or
Section 204 - 02 .
z Front coil springs or
rear springs. z
INSTALL new front coil
springs or rear springs as
necessary. REFER to Section 204 - 01 or
Section 204 - 02 .
z Incorrect ride
height. Lateral tilt
out of specification. z
CHECK ride height. INSTALL
new front coil springs or rear
springs as necessary. REFER
to Section 204 - 01 or
Section 204 - 02 .
z Vibration/noise zTire or wheel
runout.
z Tire flatspotting.
z Wheel bearings.
z Wheel hubs.
z Brake components.
z Suspension
components.
z Steering
components. z
REFER to Section 100 - 04 .
z Wander zUnevenly loaded or
overloaded vehicle. z
NOTIFY the customer of
incorrect vehicle loading.
z Ball joint(s). zGO to the Ball Joint Inspection
component test in this section.
z Front wheel bearing
(s). z
REFER to Wheel Bearing Inspection in this section.
z Loose, worn or
damaged
suspension
components(s). z
INSTALL new suspension
components as necessary.
REFER to Section 204 - 01 or
Section 204 - 02 .
z Loose suspension
fasteners. z
TIGHTEN to specification.
REFER to Section 204 - 01 or
Section 204 - 02 . Klj . 4 ba
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SPECIFICATIONS
SECTION 204-
04: Wheels and Tires 2003 Mustang Workshop Manual General Specifications
Item Specification
Lubricants
Silicone Dielectric Compound D7AZ-
19A331-
A ESE-
M1C171- A Cleaners
Liquid Soap ESR-
M99B135- A Professional Choke and Linkage Cleaner
E8AZ-
19A501- AA ESR-
M14P10- A Custom Bright Metal Cleaner
8A-19522-
A ESR-
M5B194- B Aluminum Wheel Repair Compound E7AZ-
19554-
A ESA-
M4G280- A Tire Balance Weight
Max tire balance weight 140g (5 oz) per wheel
70g (2.5 oz) per flange Tire inflation
Tires See safety certification sticker located inside glove
compartment door
Torque Specifications Description Nm lb-
ft Wheel nuts 129 95 Klj . 1 ba
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DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
Wheels And Tires
WARNING: Do not mix different types of tires, such as radial, bias, or bias- belted, on the
same vehicle except in emergencies. Vehicle handling can be seriously affected and can result
in loss of control.
Factory-installed tires and wheels are designed to operate satisfactorily with loads up to and including
full- rated load capacity when inflated to recommended inflation pressures.
Tire and Wheel Runout
Excessive radial and lateral runout of a wheel and tire assembly can cause roughness, vibration,
wheel tramp, tire wear, and steering wheel tremor.
Before checking runout, and to avoid false readings caused by temporary flat spots in the tires, check
runout only after the vehicle has been driven far enough to warm the tires. For additional information,
refer to Section 100 - 04 .
SECTION 204-
04: Wheels and Tires 2003 Mustang Workshop Manual Klj . 1 ba
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DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING
Wheels And Tires
Inspection and Verification
WARNING: A vehicle equipped with a Traction- Lok® differential will always have both
wheels driving. If, while the vehicle is being serviced, only one wheel is raised off the ground
and the rear axle is driven by the engine, the wheel on the ground could drive the vehicle off
the stand or jack. Be sure both rear wheels are off the ground.
WARNING: Never run the engine with one wheel off the ground, for example, when
changing a tire. The wheel(s) resting on the ground could cause the vehicle to move.
WARNING: Do not balance the wheels and tires while they are mounted on the vehicle.
Possible tire disintegration or differential failure could result, causing personal injury and
extensive component damage. Use off- vehicle wheel and tire balancer only.
Be sure to follow the warnings when carrying out inspection and verification.
Road Test
Verify the customer concern by carrying out a road test on a smooth road. If any vibrations are
apparent, refer to Section 100 - 04 .
To maximize tire performance, inspect for signs of incorrect inflation and uneven wear, which may
indicate a need for balancing, rotation, or front suspension alignment.
Correct tire pressure and driving techniques have an important influence on tire life. Heavy cornering,
excessively rapid acceleration and unnecessary sharp braking increases tire wear.
Replacement tires must follow the recommended:
ztire sizes.
z speed rating.
z load range.
z tire construction type.
Use of any other tire size or type can seriously affect:
zride.
z handling.
z speedometer/odometer calibration.
z vehicle ground clearance.
z tire clearance between the body and chassis.
SECTION 204-
04: Wheels and Tires 2003 Mustang Workshop Manual Klj . 1 ba
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z
wheel bearing life.
z brake cooling.
New wheels need to be installed when vehicle's wheels:
zare bent.
z are cracked.
z are dented.
z are heavily corroded.
z are leaking.
z have elongated wheel hub bolt holes.
z have excessive lateral or radial runout.
Wheel and tire assemblies are attached by six wheel nuts.
It is mandatory to use only the tire sizes recommended on the tire chart attached to the vehicle. Larger
or smaller tires can damage the vehicle, affect durability, and require changing the speedometer
calibration. Make sure wheel size and offsets match those recommended for the tire in use. 1. Inspect for signs of uneven wear that may indicate a need for balancing, rotation, front suspension alignment, damaged tie- rod, or steering components.
2. Check tires for: zcuts.
z stone bruises.
z abrasions
z blisters.
z embedded objects.
3. Tread wear indicators are molded into the bottom of the tread grooves. Install a new tire when the indicator bands become visible.
Symptom Chart Symptom Chart Condition
Possible Sources Action
z Tires show
excess wear on
edge of tread z
Underinflated tires. zADJUST air pressure
in tires.
z Vehicle overloaded. zRETURN vehicle.
NOTIFY customer of
overload condition.
z High- speed cornering. zRETURN vehicle.
NOTIFY customer of
cause of condition.
z Incorrect ride height. zSET ride height.
z Incorrect wheel alignment. zSET alignment to
specification. REFER Klj . 2 ba
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to
Section 204 - 00 .
z Incorrect tire rotation
intervals. z
ADVISE customer of
condition. ROTATE
tires.
z Tires show
excess wear in
center of tread z
Tires overinflated. zADJUST air pressure.
z Other excessive
tire wear
problems z
Incorrect tire rotation
intervals. z
ADVISE customer of
condition. ROTATE
tires.
z Incorrect tire pressure. zADJUST pressure.
z Loose or leaking shock
absorbers. z
TIGHTEN or INSTALL
new shock absorbers
as necessary.
z Incorrect wheel alignment. zSET alignment to
specification. REFER
to Section 204 - 00 .
z Loose, worn or damaged
suspension components. z
REFER to Section 204 - 00 .
z Wheel and tire assembly
out of balance. z
BALANCE wheel and
tire assembly.
z Excessive lateral or radial
runout of wheel. z
REFER to Section 100 - 04 .
z Wobble or
shimmy z
Damaged wheel bearings. zREFER to Section 204 - 00 .
z Loose or damaged
suspension components. z
REFER to Section 204 - 00 .
z Bent wheel. zINSTALL a new wheel
as necessary.
z Damaged tire. zINSTALL a new tire as
necessary.
z Loose wheel nuts. zTIGHTEN to
specification.
z High- speed
shake z
Wheel hub face/pilot/bolt
circle runout.
z Tires/wheels.
z Wheel bearings.
z Suspension/steering
linkage.
z Engine.
z Transmission.
z Brake discs/imbalance. z
REFER to Section 100 - 04 .
z Vehicle vibration zDriveline — engine.
z Tires. z
REFER to Section 100 - 04 . Klj . 3 ba
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GENERAL PROCEDURES
Wheel Leaks
WARNING: Wheel repairs that use welding or peening are not approved. An inner tube is
not an acceptable repair for leaking wheels or tires.
If the air pressure in a tire mounted on an aluminum wheel is found to be low, perform the
following procedure before considering installation of a new wheel.
1. Remove the tire and wheel assembly, and inspect the wheel for structural damage. If none exists, go to Step 2. If the wheel is damaged, install a new wheel.
2. With the tire mounted on the wheel, locate the air leak using a water bath or equivalent method, and mark the location. Check the complete wheel for possible additional leaks. When leaks are
marked, dismount the tire marking valve location on the tire for correct indexing.
3. On the tire side of the wheel, thoroughly clean the leaking area with an appropriate choke cleaner or use sandpaper of approximately 80- grit to remove all contamination. Using the
sandpaper, score the surface of the leaking area to improve adhesion of the sealer. If the valve
stem is close to the area, remove it.
4. Use a clean cloth to remove all cleaner or sanding dust.
5. NOTE: Do not use a torch containing oxyacetylene.
Heat the prepared area with a Heat Gun or a propane torch until aluminum wheel repair
compound flows. Apply the hot melt material over the prepared area using a liberal flow and
wiping action. Repair is most effective when heat is applied to the brake side of the rim, and the
sealer is melted by heat in the metal.
6. Apply only enough heat to melt the sealer, then remove the heat source. After repairing the leak, allow the wheel to cool until it can be handled safety.
7. CAUTION: Use caution when mounting the tire so as not to damage the sealer.
Index and assemble the tire and wheel. Inflate the tire to the recommended pressure as
indicated on the tire pressure decal.
8. Repeat Step 2 to verify repair.
9. When the repair is completed, balance the assembly and install it on the vehicle.
SECTION 204-
04: Wheels and Tires 2003 Mustang Workshop Manual Material
Item Specification
Professional Choke and
Linkage Cleaner
F8AZ-
19520- AB WSS-
M14P10-
B Aluminum Wheel Repair
Compound ESA-
M4G280-
A Klj . 1 ba
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Component Tests
Driveline Vibration
An analysis of driveline vibration can also be conducted using the Vibration Analyzer; follow the
manufacturer's directions.
Driveline vibration exhibits a higher frequency and lower amplitude than does high-
speed shake.
Driveline vibration is directly related to the speed of the vehicle and is usually noticed at various speed
ranges. Driveline vibration can be perceived as a tremor in the floorpan or is heard as a rumble, hum,
or boom. Driveline vibration can exist in all drive modes, but may exhibit different symptoms depending
upon whether the vehicle is accelerating, decelerating, floating, or coasting. Check the driveline angles
if the vibration is particularly noticeable during acceleration or deceleration, especially at lower speeds.
Driveline vibration can be duplicated by supporting the axle upon a hoist or upon jack stands, though
the brakes may need to be applied lightly in order to simulate road resistance.
1. Raise the vehicle promptly after road testing. Use a twin- post hoist or jack stands to prevent tire
flat- spotting. Engage the drivetrain and accelerate to the observed road test speed to verify the lubricant type.
205 - 02B . CLEAN and
REFILL the axle to
specification.
z Axle overheating zLubricant level too
low. z
CHECK the lubricant level.
FILL the axle to specification.
z Incorrect or
contaminated
lubricant type. z
INSPECT the axle for
damage. REPAIR as
necessary. CLEAN and
REFILL the axle to
specification.
z Bearing preload
adjusted too tight. z
CHECK the ring and pinion for
damage. INSPECT the ring
and pinion wear pattern.
ADJUST the preload as
necessary.
z Excessive gear
wear. z
INSPECT all the axle gears
for wear or damage. INSTALL
new components as
necessary.
z Incorrect ring gear
backlash. z
INSPECT the ring gear for
scoring. INSPECT the ring
and pinion wear pattern.
ADJUST the ring gear
backlash as necessary.
z Broken gear teeth
on the ring gear
or pinion z
Overloading the
vehicle. z
INSTALL a new ring and
pinion. REFER to Section 205 - 02A or
Section 205 - 02B .
z Axle shaft broken zOverloading the
vehicle. z
INSTALL a new axle shaft.
REFER to Section 205 - 02A or
Section 205 - 02B .
z Misaligned axle
shaft tube. z
INSPECT the axle for
damage. CHECK axle shaft
tube alignment. INSTALL a
new axle shaft. REFER to
Section 205 - 02A or
Section 205 - 02B . Klj . 11 ba
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