sensor ISUZU KB P190 2007 Workshop Repair Manual

Engine Management – V6 – General Information Page 6C1-1–5

2 Component Locations
2.1 Cylinder Numbering
Engine cylinder identification follows the international
standard OBD II. This standard calls for the engine cylinder
bank number one to be identified by the location of cylinder
number one. Therefore the numbering for the V6 engine is:
The V6 engine cylinders are numbered as follows:
• 1, 3, 5 – Right-hand side (Bank 1),
• 2, 4, 6 – Left-hand side (Bank 2).
The engine firing order is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

Figure 6C1-1 – 1
2.2 Engine Compartment
Legend
1 Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor 2 Air-conditioner Refrigerant Pressure Sensor
Figure 6C1-1 – 2

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Engine Management – V6 – General Information Page 6C1-1–6

2.3 Engine

Figure 6C1-1 – 3
Legend
1 Barometric Pressure (BARO) Sensor
2 Ignition Coil Assembly (six places)
3 Spark Plug (six places)
4 Throttle Body Assembly 5 Engine Control Module (ECM)
6 Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor
7 Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S), Pre-Catalyst (two places)
8 Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S), Post-Catalyst (two places)

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Engine Management – V6 – General Information Page 6C1-1–7


Figure 6C1-1 – 4
Legend
1 Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor
2 Fuel Rail Assembly
3 Fuel Injector (six places)
4 Evaporative Canister Purge (EVAP) Valve 5 Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor
6 Engine Oil Level / Temperature Sensor
7 Knock (KS) Sensor (two places)
8 Engine Oil Pressure Sensor

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Engine Management – V6 – General Information Page 6C1-1–9

3 System Operation
The engine control module (ECM) is the control centre of the V6 engine management system. The ECM constantly
monitors and evaluates inputs from various sensors and switches. Based on these inputs, the ECM controls the
operation of the engine management system. Refer to Figure 6C1-1 – 6 for the illustration of the inputs and outputs of
the ECM.

Figure 6C1-1 – 6
3.1 Fuel Delivery System
Fuel System Pressure
W hen the ignition switch is turned on, the ECM energises the fuel pump circuit and the fuel pump runs and builds up
pressure in the fuel system. The fuel pump will continue to operate if the engine is started or as long as the engine is
cranking or running and the ECM detects crankshaft position (CKP) sensor signal pulses. If the CKP sensor signal
pulses stop, the ECM de-energises the fuel pump circuit within two seconds, which stops the fuel pump operation.
The vehicle is fitted with a modular fuel pump and sender assembly that provides delivery of fuel from the fuel tank and
information on the fuel level. The fuel delivery system is a single line, on-demand design. W ith the fuel pressure regulator
incorporated into the modular fuel pump and sender assembly, the need for a return pipe from the engine is eliminated.
The electric fuel pump contained in the modular fuel pump and sender assembly provides fuel at a pressure greater than
the regulated pressure which is supplied to the fuel rail. The fuel is then distributed through the fuel rail to six injectors
located directly above each cylinder’s two intake valves.
Having a single line fuel supply system reduces the internal temperature of the fuel tank by not returning hot fuel from the
engine. In reducing the internal temperature of the fuel tank, lower evaporative emissions are achieved.
Unleaded fuel must be used to ensure correct emission parameters and engine operation. Leaded fuel damages the
emission control system and use of leaded fuel can result in loss of emission warranty. Using unleaded fuel will also
minimise any spark plug fouling and extend engine oil life.

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Engine Management – V6 – General Information Page 6C1-1–10

Fuel Injection System
Each cylinder of the V6 engine is fitted with one fuel injector. The engine control relay applies ignition positive voltage to
the fuel injector ignition circuit. The ECM controls the operation of the fuel injectors by applying a pulse width modulated
(PW M) ground to the fuel injector control circuit to control each fuel injector on-time.
W hile the engine is running, the ECM constantly monitors the various inputs and recalculates the appropriate on-time for
each injector. The calculation is based on the following:
• The injector flow rate,
• Mass of fuel passed by the energised injector per unit of time,
• The desired air / fuel ratio, and
• Actual air mass in each cylinder.
The ECM calculates the duration of the fuel injector on-time to deliver the correct amount of fuel for optimum drivability
and emission control. The period of time the fuel injector is energised is called the injector on-time and is measured in
milliseconds (thousandths of a second).
The V6 engine uses the sequential fuel injection system. Each fuel injector is energised individually at the correct
moment during its firing stroke as the cylinder’s intake valves are closing to provide enough time for the fuel to atomise
completely and mix with the intake air.
Short Term Fuel Trim
The short term fuel trim (STFT) represents the duration of the fuel injector on-time as calculated by the ECM, while the
ECM is in Closed Loop mode. The STFT allows the ECM to calculate the fuel injector on-time based on the heated
oxygen sensor (HO2S) signal input to the ECM. Therefore, the STFT is disabled when the ECM is in Open Loop mode.
• If the air / fuel mixture in the exhaust is balanced (lambda = 1) or when the STFT is disabled, the STFT value is 0%.
• W hen the HO2S sends an input signal to the ECM indicating the air / fuel mixture is rich, the STFT will be less than
0%, which indicates the ECM is decreasing the fuel injector on-time to reduce the amount of fuel in the air / fuel
mixture.
• W hen the HO2S sends an input signal to the ECM indicating the air / fuel mixture is lean, the STFT will be greater
than 0%, which indicates the ECM is increasing the fuel injector on-time to increase the amount of fuel in the air /
fuel mixture.
The percentage values of the STFT range from –25% to +25% and are directly proportional to the duration of the fuel
injector on-time.
Long Term Fuel Trim
The ECM stores the long term fuel trim (LTFT) in its memory to adjust the fuel injector on-time according to the long term
changes or deterioration in the engine components. The normal LTFT value is 0%.
The following describes the LTFT operation when the engine air filter is dirty that causes a restricted intake airflow fault
condition:
1 The HO2S sends an input signal to the ECM the air / fuel mixture is rich because of the reduced airflow. The STFT may reduce to a value of –10%, which decreases the fuel injector on-time to reduce the amount of fuel in the air /
fuel mixture supplied to the engine.
W ithout the use of the LTFT, the restricted airflow caused by the dirty air filter may reduce the STFT value to –10% until the air filter is replaced. This will decrease the range of negative adjustment available to the STFT to
compensate for other factors.
2 W hen the ECM detects the STFT has remained at –10% for a specific period, the ECM switches to the LTFT. The LTFT adjusts the duration of the fuel injector on-time until the air / fuel mixture in the exhaust is balanced (lambda =
1) and the STFT value returns to 0%.
3 The ECM stores this Long Term FT value in its memory, which is used to calculate the base fuel injector on-time.
The percentage values of the Long Term FT range from –100% to +100%. If the ECM detects the LTFT values are
outside the specified percentage range for a predetermined period, the ECM will set a Diagnostic Trouble Code and
switch to Open Loop mode.

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Engine Management – V6 – General Information Page 6C1-1–11

3.2 Air / Fuel Control System
The engine control module (ECM) controls the amount of air and fuel delivered into each of the engine cylinders. Based
on the various ECM inputs, the ECM switches to the following air / fuel control system mode to provide the optimum air /
fuel ratio under all engine operating conditions.
Starting Mode
W hen the ignition switch is moved to the START position and the engine begins to turn, a prime pulse may be injected to
speed starting. As soon as the ECM receives an input signal from the camshaft position (CMP) and crankshaft position
(CKP) sensor and determines which cylinder is in the firing stroke, the ECM applies a pulse width modulated (PW M)
ground to the injector control circuit. The ECM monitors mass air flow, intake air temperature, engine coolant
temperature, and throttle position to determine the required fuel injector on-time required for starting the engine.
Run Mode
The engine switches to run mode when the engine speed reaches 480 rpm after being started. The run mode has two
sub-modes called Open Loop and Closed Loop.
Open Loop Mode
The heated oxygen sensor (HO2S) does not produce a usable signal voltage output until it reaches operating
temperature. Therefore, while the HO2S is below its operating temperature, the ECM switches to open loop mode.
In open loop, the ECM ignores the signals from the HO2S and calculates the required injector pulse width based
primarily on inputs from the mass air flow (MAF), intake air temperature (IAT), and engine coolant temperature sensors.
The system will stay in the open loop mode until the HO2S produce a usable output.
Closed Loop Mode
Once the HO2S reaches operating temperature and starts producing its own signal voltage output, the ECM switches to
the closed loop mode.
In closed loop mode, the ECM initially calculates injector pulse width based on the same sensors used in open loop, and
additionally the ECM uses the oxygen sensor signals to modify and fine tune the fuel pulse width calculations to precisely
maintain the ideal 14.7 to 1 air / fuel ratio.
Acceleration Mode
The ECM monitors and calculates input signals from the accelerator pedal position (APP) and MAF sensor signals to
determine when the vehicle is being accelerated. If the ECM detects the accelerator pedal is depressed and there is a
demand for the vehicle to accelerate, the ECM switches to acceleration mode. In acceleration mode, the ECM increases
the fuel injector on-time to provide more fuel accordingly.
Deceleration Mode
The ECM monitors and calculates input signals from the APP and MAF sensor signals to determine when the vehicle is
being decelerated. If the ECM detects the vehicle is decelerating, the ECM switches to deceleration mode. In
deceleration mode, the ECM decreases the fuel injector on-time, or disables the fuel injectors for short periods, to reduce
exhaust emissions and improve fuel economy.
Fuel Shut-off Mode
To protect the engine from damage or to improve the vehicle's driveability, the ECM switches to the fuel shut-off mode. In
fuel shut-off mode, the ECM performs the following:
• The ECM disables the six fuel injectors under the following conditions:
− Ignition off – to prevent engine dieseling,
− Ignition on but no ignition reference signal – prevents flooding or backfiring,
− At high engine speed – greater than the red line (rev limiter),
− At high vehicle speed – greater than the rated tire speed (vehicle speed limiter), or
− Extended high speed closed throttle coast-down – reduces engine emissions and increases engine braking.
• The ECM selectively disables the appropriate number of fuel injectors when torque management has been enabled.

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Battery Voltage Correction Mode
The ECM monitors the battery voltage circuit to ensure the voltage available to the engine management system stays
within the specified range. A low system voltage changes the voltage across the fuel injectors, which affects the fuel
injector flow rate. In addition, a low system voltage fault condition may cause other engine management system
components to malfunction.
The ECM switches to battery voltage correction mode when the ECM detects a low battery voltage fault condition. W hile
in battery voltage correction mode, the ECM performs the following functions to compensate for the low system voltage:
• Increases the injector on-time to maintain the correct amount of fuel being delivered, and
• Increases the idle speed to increase the generator output.
Limp Mode
The programming in the ECM software allows the engine to run in a back-up fuel strategy or limp mode when the ECM
fails to receive signal inputs from critical sensors or when a critical engine management fault condition exists.
The ECM switches to limp mode to enable the vehicle to be driven until service operations can be performed.
Engine Protection Mode
Engine protection mode is engaged to protect engine components from friction damage in the event of an engine over-
temperature condition being detected by the ECM.
W hen the ECM is in engine protection mode, fuel injectors are systematically disabled and re-activated. The injectors
that have been shut down allow the air being drawn into the engine to assist with engine cooling.
Clear Flood Mode
If the engine is flooded with fuel during starting and will not start, the clear flood mode can be manually selected by
depressing the accelerator pedal to wide open throttle (W OT). In this mode, the ECM will completely disable the fuel
injectors, and will maintain this state during engine cranking as long as the ECM detects a W OT condition with engine
speed less than 1,000 rpm.
3.3 Ignition Control System
The electronic ignition system provides a spark to ignite the compressed air / fuel mixture at the correct time. The ECM
maintains correct spark timing and dwell for all engine operating conditions. The ECM calculates the optimum spark
parameters from information received from the various sensors and triggers the appropriate ignition module / coil to fire
the spark plug.
3.4 Starter Motor Operation
The engine control module controls the activation of the start relay in response to inputs from:
• Ignition switch,
• Battery,
• Immobiliser system, and
• Automatic transmission gear selector position / clutch pedal position switch for vehicles with manual transmissions.
3.5 Throttle Actuator Control System
Description
The throttle actuator control (TAC) system is used to improve emissions, fuel economy and driveability. The TAC system
eliminates the mechanical link between the accelerator pedal and the throttle plate and eliminates the need for a cruise
control module and idle air control motor. The TAC system comprises of:

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Engine Management – V6 – General Information Page 6C1-1–13

• The accelerator pedal assembly which includes:
− The accelerator pedal,
− The accelerator pedal position (APP) sensor
one, and
− The accelerator pedal position (APP) sensor two.
Figure 6C1-1 – 7

To avoid serious personal injury, never
attempt to rotate the throttle plate manually
whilst the throttle body harness connector is
connected to the throttle body.
• The throttle body assembly which includes:
− the throttle position (TP) sensor one
− the throttle position (TP) sensor two
− the throttle actuator control (TAC) motor, and
− the throttle plate.
• The engine control module (ECM).
Figure 6C1-1 – 8
The ECM monitors the accelerator pedal position through the two APP sensors and processes this information, along
with other system sensor inputs, to command the throttle plate to a certain position.
The throttle plate is controlled by a direct current motor called the throttle actuator control motor. The ECM operates this
motor in the forward or reverse direction by controlling battery voltage and / or ground to two internal drivers. The throttle
plate is held at a rest position of seven percent open using a constant force return spring. This spring holds the throttle
plate to the rest position when there is no current flowing to the actuator motor.
The ECM monitors the throttle plate angle through two TP sensors. Using this information, the ECM can precisely adjust
the throttle plate.
The ECM performs diagnostics that monitor the voltage levels of both APP sensors, both TP sensors and the throttle
actuator control motor circuit. It also monitors the spring return rate. These diagnostics are performed at different times
based on whether the engine is running, not running, or whether the ECM is currently in a throttle body relearn procedure.
Two sensors within the accelerator pedal assembly and throttle body assembly are used to provide redundancy. If a
malfunction is detected, the throttle plate is moved to a pre-determined position.
Every ignition cycle, the ECM performs a quick throttle return spring test to ensure the throttle plate can return to the
seven percent rest position from the zero percent position. This is to ensure the throttle plate can be brought to the rest
position in case of an actuator motor circuit failure.

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Engine Management – V6 – General Information Page 6C1-1–14

Throttle Body Relearn Procedure
The ECM stores values that include the lowest possible TP sensor positions (zero percent), the rest positions (seven
percent), and the spring return rate. These values will only be erased or overwritten if the ECM is reprogrammed or if a
throttle body relearn procedure is performed.
NOTE
If the battery has been disconnected, the ECM
performs a throttle body relearn procedure once
the battery has been reconnected and the ignition
turned on.
The ECM performs a throttle body relearn procedure anytime the ignition is turned on and the following conditions have
been met:
• The engine has been off for greater than 29 seconds,
• The engine speed is less than 40 rpm,
• The vehicle speed is 0 km/h,
• The engine coolant temperature (ECT) is 5 – 60°C; if Tech 2 is used to perform the relearn procedure, the ECT is
5 – 100°C,
• The intake air temperature (IAT) is greater than 5 – 60°C; if Tech 2 is used to perform the relearn procedure, the
IAT is 5 – 100°C,
• The APP sensor angle is less than 15 percent, and
• Ignition voltage is greater than 10 V.
The throttle body relearn procedure is performed 29 seconds after the ignition is turned on. The ECM commands the
throttle plate from the rest position (seven percent open) to full closed (zero percent), then to around 10 percent open.
This procedure takes about six – eight seconds. If any faults occur in the TAC system, a DTC sets. At the start of this
procedure, the Tech 2 TAC Learn Counter parameter should display 0, then count up to 11 after the procedure is
completed. If the counter did not start at 0, or if the counter did not end at 11, a fault has occurred and a DTC should set.
TAC System Default Actions / Reduce Power Modes
The ECM switches to the following reduce power modes if the ECM detects a fault condition in the TAC system:
• If an APP sensor circuit fault or TP sensor circuit fault is detected, the ECM limits engine torque so the vehicle
cannot reach speeds of greater than 100 km/h. The ECM remains in this reduce power mode during the entire
ignition cycle, even if the fault is corrected.
• If there is a fault condition with the throttle actuator control circuits, a throttle actuator command vs. actual position
fault, a return spring check fault, or a TP sensor one circuit fault, the ECM limits engine speed to 2500 rpm and
three – six fuel injectors are randomly disabled. At this time the reduce power indicator is commanded on. The
ECM remains in the reduce power mode during the entire ignition cycle even if the fault is corrected.
NOTE
If a TP sensor one or throttle actuator control
circuit fault is present at the time the vehicle is at
idle, with no accelerator pedal angle, the engine
may stall.
Forced Engine Shutdown
A further safety feature which is built into the TAC system is the ECM will initiate an engine shut down if, the ECM’s
internal monitoring functions detects a serious internal fault, the fuel injectors will be turned off.
3.6 Cruise Control System
The cruise control system integrates with the engine control module (ECM) through the powertrain interface module
(PIM), to control the electronic throttle actuator and maintain the vehicle at the speed set by the driver.

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4 Component Description and
Operation
4.1 A/C Refrigerant Pressure Sensor
The engine control module (ECM) applies a positive 5 V reference voltage and ground to the air-conditioner (A/C)
refrigerant pressure sensor. The A/C refrigerant pressure sensor provides signal voltage to the ECM that is proportional
to the A/C refrigerant pressure. The ECM monitors the A/C refrigerant pressure sensor signal voltage to determine the
refrigerant pressure.
• The A/C refrigerant pressure sensor voltage increases as the refrigerant pressure increases.
• W hen the ECM detects the refrigerant pressure exceeds a predetermined value, the ECM activates the cooling
fans to reduce the refrigerant pressure.
• W hen the ECM detects the refrigerant pressure is too high or too low, the ECM disables the A/C clutch to protect
the A/C compressor from damage.
4.2 Brake Pedal Switch Assembly
Stop Lamp and Initial Brake Apply Switch
The stop lamp and initial brake apply switch assembly (1) is
located on the brake pedal support.
The engine control module (ECM) uses the brake pedal
switch inputs to determine when the brake pedal is
depressed.
The ECM uses the two break pedal switch inputs for:-
• Enabling cruise control,
• Brake torque management,
• Cross referencing the stop lamp switch against the
initial brake apply switch for correct operation.
For further information on brake torque management,
refer to 3.7 Brake Torque
Management.
For further information on the cruise control system, refer to
3.6 Cruise Control System.
Figure 6C1-1 – 13
Stop Lamp Switch
The stop lamp switch contacts are normally open with the brake pedal at rest and closed when the brake pedal is
depressed.
Initial Brake Apply Switch
The initial brake apply switch contacts are normally closed with the brake pedal at rest and open when the brake pedal is
depressed.


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