ac control CADILLAC FLEETWOOD 1994 Workshop Manual

r IF A TIREGOES FLAT
It’s unusual for a tire to “blow out” while you’re driving, especially if you
maintain your tires properly. If air goes out of a tire, it’s much more likely
to leak out slowly. But
if you should ever have a “blowout,” here are a
few tips about what to expect and what to do:
If a front tire fails, the flat tire will create a drag that pulls the vehicle
toward that side. Take your foot off the accelerator pedal and grip the
steering wheel firmly. Steer to maintain lane position, then gently brake
to a stop well out of the traffic lane.
A rear blowout, particularly on a curve, acts much like a skid and may
require the same correction you’d use in a skid. In any rear blowout,
remove your foot from the accelerator pedal. Get the vehicle under
control by steering the way you want the vehicle to
go. It may be very
bumpy and noisy, but you can still steer. Gently brake to a stop, well off
the road
if possible.
If a tire goes flat, the next section shows how to use your jacking
equipment to change a flat tire safely.
231

I-
IF YOU’RE STUCK: IN SAND, MUD, ICE
OR SNOW
What you don’t want to do when your vehicle is stuck is to spin your
wheels. The method known as “rocking” can help you get out when
you’re stuck, but you must use caution.
I I NOTICE:
Spinning your wheels can destroy parts of your vehicle as well
as the tires. If you spin the wheels too fast while shifting your
transmission back and forth, you can destroy your
transmission.
Rocking your vehicle to get it out:
First, turn your steering wheel left and right. That will clear the area
around your front wheels. You should turn your traction control system
off. (See “Traction Control System”
in the Index.) Then shift back and ’ forth between “R’ (Reverse) and a forward gear, spinning the wheels as
little as possible. Release the accelerator pedal while you shift, and press
lightly on the accelerator pedal when the transmission is in gear.
If that
doesn’t get you out after a few tries, you may need to be towed out.
If you
do need to be towed out, see “Towing Your Vehicle” in the Index.
244
D/

n and.you don’t have to buy a higher octane fuel to get rid of pinging. It’s
the heavy, constant knock that means you have a problem.
What about gasoline with blending materials that contain oxygen
(oxygenates), such
as MTBE or alcohol?
MTBE is “methyl tertiary-butyl ether.’’ Fuel that is no more than
15%
MTBE is fine for your vehicle.
Ethanol is ethyl or grain alcohol. Properly-blended fuel that is no more
than
10% ethanol is fine for your vehicle.
Methanol is methyl or wood alcohol.
NOTICE:
Fuel that is more than 5% methanol is bad for your.vehicle.
Don’t. use it. It can corrode metal parts in your fuel system and
also damage plastic and rubber.parts. That damage wouldn’t be
covered under your warranty. And even at
5% or less, there must
he “cosolvents” and corrosion preventers in this fuel to help
avoid these problems.
Gasolines for Cleaner Air
Your use of gasoline with deposit control additives will help prevent
deposits from forming in your engine and fuel system. That helps. keep
your engine in tune and your emission control system working properly.
It’s good for your vehicle, and you’ll be doing your part for cleaner air.
Many gasolines are now blended with oxygenates. General Motors
recommends that you use gasolines with these blending materials, such as
MTBE and ethanol. By doing
so, you can help clean the air, especially in
those parts
of the country that have high carbon monoxide levels.
~ In addition, some gasoline suppliers are now producing reformulated
gasolines. These gasolines are specially designed to reduce vehicle
emissions. General Motors recommends that you use reformulated
gasoline. By doing
so, you can help clean the air, especially in those parts
of the country that have high ozone levels.
247

I
I
You should ask your service station operators if their gasolines contain
deposit control additives and oxygenates, and if they have been
reformulated to reduce vehicle emissions.
FUELS IN FOREIGN COUNTHES
If you plan on driving in another country outside the U.S. or Canada,
unleaded fuel may be hard to find. Do not use leaded gasoline. If you use
even one tankful, your emission controls won’t work well or at all. With
continuous use, spark plugs can get fouled, the exhaust system can
corrode, and your engine oil can deteriorate quickly. Your vehicle’s
oxygen sensor will be damaged. All
of that means costly repairs that
wouldn’t be covered by your warranty.
To check on fuel availability, ask an auto club, or contact a major oil
company that does business
in the country where you’ll be driving.
You can also write us at the following address for advice. Just tell us
where you’re going and give your Vehicle Identification Number (VIN).
General Motors Overseas Distribution Corporation,
North American Export Sales (NAES)
1908 Colonel Sam Drive
Oshawa, Ontario
LlH 8P7
FUEL ECONOMY
Your fuel economy (miles per gallon or liters per 100 kilometers) can vary
depending on how your Cadillac
is driven. Several vehicles like yours
have been driven through a standard test and their actual fuel economy
was recorded. These readings were adjusted and printed on the fuel
economy window sticker which was attached to your new Cadillac when
it
was delivered and in the Gas Mileage Guide which is available from your
dealership.
The fuel economy estimates are based on results of tests required by the
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). These tests are used to
certify that vehicles meet the Federal emissions and fuel economy
standards. Cadillac tests prototypes of new vehicles and submits the
results to the EPA. The EPA then confirms the accuracy of the figures
provided by Cadillac. The vehicles are driven
by a professional driver
under controlled laboratory conditions, on an instrument similar to a
ni
I
I
o(
L
nl
248

r
r
treadmill. These procedures ensure that each vehicle is tested under
identical conditions.
There are
two different fuel economy estimates for each vehicle, one Ior
city driving and one for highway driving.
To develop these two estimates,
separate tests are used to represent typical everyday city and rural
driving.
The test used to determine the city fuel economy estimate simulates a
7.5 mile (12 km), stop and go trip with an average speed of 20 mph
(32
km/h). The trip takes 23 minutes and has 18 stops. About one fifth
of the time is spent idling, as in waiting at traffic lights or in rush hour
traffic. Two kinds of engine starts are used: a cold start, which is similar to
starting a car in the morning after it has been parked all night and a hot
start, which is similar to restarting a vehicle after it has been warmed up,
driven and stopped for a short time.
The test used to determine the highway fuel economy estimate
represents a mixture of “non-city” driving. Segments corresponding to
different kinds
of rural roads and interstate highways are included. The
test simulates a 10 mile (17 km) trip with an average speed of 48 mph
(77 km/h). The test is run from a hot start and has little idling time and
no stops.
To assure that the fuel economy numbers are most useful for consumers,
the
EPA adjusts these laboratory test results to account for the difference
between controlled laboratory conditions and actual driving on the road.
The laboratory fuel economy results are adjusted downward
to arrive at
the estimates on the fuel economy window sticker and the Gas Mileage
Y Guide. The city estimate is lowered by 10 percent and the highwq
estimate
is lowered by 22 percent from the laboratory test results.
Experience has proven that these adjustments make the mileage
estimates correspond more closely to the actual fuel economy rea
by the average driver. lized
249

Even though these figures are adjusted, they still represent what the
average driver will get. Your
fuel economy may be significantly higher or
lower, depending on how, when, and where your vehicle is driven. Here
are some things you can do to increase fuel economy;
Combine errands into one trip.
Turn the engine off rather than letting it idle for more than a minute.
Have your Cadillac serviced as described in the maintenance booklet.
Keep tires inflated to recommended pressures.
Anticipate traffic stops.
Here are some things that will lower fuel economy:
Quick acceleration.
Traveling at higher speeds. Traveling at 65 mph instead of 55 mph
Carrying unnecessary weight in the vehicle.
lowers fuel economy
by
15 percent.
Rewing the engine. This is not necessary for your vehicle.
Operating your vehicle with the suspension out of alignment or with
the wheels and tires out
of balance.
Use of electrical accessories which require high amperage when they
are not needed.
Even things beyond your control such as weather conditions affect your
fuel economy. Driving up steep hills, in rain or snow, and into a strong
wind will lower fuel economy. In the lower left corner of the fuel
economy window sticker from your vehicle is the range
of city and
highway fuel economy you can expect to get from your Cadillac. If you
are doing everything to raise your fuel economy, but are still not within
this range, your vehicle may need service. Collect as much information
about your fuel economy as you can find, (miles driven, gallon’s of fuel
used, etc.) and provide it your dealership for their review and assistance.
cl;
31
-1
ra
1-1
ra
250

When replacing the pressure cap, make sure it is tight.
SURGE TANK PRESSURE CAP
NOTICE:
Your surge tank cap is a 15 psi (105 kPa) pressure-type cap and
must be tightly installed to prevent coolant loss and possible
engine damage from overheating. Be sure the arrows on the cap \
line up with the
overflow tube on the radiator filler neck.
When you replace your surge tank pressure cap, an GM cap is
recommended.
THERMOSTAT
Engine coolant temperature is controlled by a thermostat in the engine
coolant system. The thermostat stops the
flow of coolant through the
radiator until the coolant reaches a preset temperature.
When you replace your thermostat, an
AC@ thermostat is recommended.
269

Uniform Tire Quality Grading
The following information relates to the system developed by the United
States National Highway Traffic Safety Administration which grades tires
by treadwear, traction and temperature performance. (This applies only
to vehicles sold
in the United States.)
Treadwear
The treadwear grade is a comparative rating based on the wear rate of
the tire when tested under controlled conditions on a specified
government test course. For example, a tire graded 150 would wear one
and
a half (1 1/2) times as well on the government course as a tire graded
100. The relative performance of tires depends upon the actual
conditions of their use, however, and may depart significantly from the
norm due to variations in driving habits, service practices and differences
in road characteristics and climate.
Traction - A, B, C
The traction grades, from highest to lowest are: A, B, and C. They
represent the tire’s ability to stop on wet pavement as measured under
controlled conditions on specified government test surfaces
of asphalt
and concrete. A tire marked
C may have poor traction performance.
Warning: The traction grade assigned to this tire is based
on braking
(straight-ahead) traction tests and does not include cornering (turning)
traction.
Temperature - A, B, C
The temperature grades are A (the highest), B, and C, representing the
tire’s resistance to the generation of heat and its ability to dissipate heat
when tested under controlled conditions on a specified indoor laboratory
test wheel. Sustained high temperature can cause the material of the tire
to degenerate and reduce tire
life, and excessive temperature can lead to
sudden tire failure. The grade
C corresponds to a level of performance
which all passenger car tires must meet under the Federal Motor Vehicle
Safety Standard No. 109. Grades
B and A represent higher levels of
performance on
the laboratory test wheel than the minimum required
by law.
297

surfaces. Use cleaners that are marked safe for painted surfaces to
remove foreign matter.
FINISH DMGE
Any stone chips, fractures or deep scratches in the finish should be
repaired right away. Bare metal will corrode quickly and may develop
into a major repair expense.
Minor chips and scratches can be repaired with touch-up materials
available from your dealer
or other service outlets. Larger areas of finish
damage can be corrected in your dealer's body and paint shop.
UNDERBODYWNTENN/'E
Chemicals used for ice and snow removal and dust control can collect on
the underbody.
If these are not removed, accelerated corrosion (rust) can
occur on the underbody parts such as fuel lines, frame, floor pan, and
exhaust system even though they have corrosion protection.
At least every spring, flush these materials from the underbody with plain
water. Clean any areas where mud and other debris can collect. Dirt
packed in closed areas of the frame should be loosened before being
I flushed. Your dealer or an underbody vehicle washing system can do this
for you.
CHEMICAL PANT SPOTTING
Some weather and atmospheric conditions can create a chemical fallout.
Airborne pollutants can fall upon and attack painted surfaces on your
vehicle.
This damage can take two forms: blotchy, ringlet-shaped
discolorations, and small irregular dark spots etched into the paint surface.
Although no defect in the paint job causes this, Cadillac will repair, at no
charge to the owner, the surfaces of new vehicles damaged by this fallout
condition within
12 months or 12,000 miles (20 000 km) of purchase,
whichever comes first.
D/
a i
308

EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS
Air Injection ................ Air Injection Reaction Pump (AIR)
Exhaust Gas Recirculation
......................... EGR Valve
Catalytic Converter
........... Dual Bed, Oxidizing and Reducing
Crankcase Emission
.............. Positive Crankcase Ventilation
Evaporative
Emission Control
................ Charcoal Canister
Electronic System
.............................. Closed Loop
EmUST SYSTEM
Type ............................... Single with Crossover Pipe
Muffler
.................................. One-Reverse Flow
Resonator
............................. One-Straight Through
Exhaust Pipe
.................................. Stainless Steel
Intermediate Pipe
........................... Aluminized Steel
Tail Pipe
................................... Aluminized Steel
ELECTIUCAL SYSTEM
Voltage ................................................ 12
Ground ........................................... Negative
Generator
......................................... 140Amp
Regulator
................................ Integral Solid State
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
Refrigerant-R-134a ........................... 3.125 lb (1.4 kg)
Not all air conditioning refrigerants are the same. If the air
conditioning system in your vehicle needs refrigerant, be sure the
proper refrigerant is used.
If you’re not sure, ask your Cadillac
dealership.
321