width CHEVROLET DYNASTY 1993 Owner's Manual

desired MAP value. Under idle conditions, the PCM
adjusts the idle air control motor to maintain a de-
sired engine speed.
AIR CONDITIONING (A/C) CLUTCH RELAYÐPCM
OUTPUT
The PCM operates the air conditioning clutch relay
ground circuit. The radiator fan relay supplies bat-
tery power to the solenoid side of the A/C clutch re-
lay. The air conditioning clutch relay will not
energize unless the radiator fan relay energizes. The
PCM energizes the radiator fan relay when the air
conditioning or defrost switch is put in the ON posi-
tion and the low pressure and high pressure switches
close. With the engine operating, the PCM cycles the air
conditioning clutch on and off when the A/C switch
closes with the blower motor switch in the on posi-
tion. When the PCM senses low idle speeds or wide
open throttle through the throttle position sensor, it
de-energizes the A/C clutch relay. The relay contacts
open, preventing air conditioning clutch engagement. The A/C clutch relay is mounted to the inner
fender panel, next to the drivers side strut tower
(Fig. 11).
AUTO SHUTDOWN (ASD) RELAY AND FUEL PUMP
RELAYÐPCM OUTPUT
The PCM operates the auto shutdown (ASD) relay
and fuel pump relay through one ground path. The
PCM operates the relays by switching the ground
path on and off. Both relays turn on and off at the
same time. The ASD relay connects battery voltage to the fuel
injector and ignition coil. The fuel pump relay con-
nects battery voltage to the fuel pump and oxygen
sensor heating element. The PCM turns the ground path off when the igni-
tion switch is in the Off position. Both relays are off.
When the ignition switch is in the On or Crank po-
sition, the PCM monitors the camshaft position sen-
sor (distributor pick-up) signal to determine engine
speed and ignition timing (coil dwell). If the PCM
does not receive a camshaft position sensor signal
when the ignition switch is in the Run position, it
de-energizes both relays. Battery voltage is not sup-
plied to the fuel injector, ignition coil, fuel pump and
oxygen sensor heating element. The ASD relay and fuel pump relay are mounted
on the drivers side fender well, next to the strut
tower (Fig. 11).
DUTY CYCLE EVAP PURGE SOLENOIDÐPCM
OUTPUT
The duty cycle EVAP purge solenoid regulates the
rate of vapor flow from the EVAP canister to the
throttle body. The powertrain control module oper-
ates the solenoid. During the cold start warm-up period and the hot
start time delay, the PCM does not energize the so-
lenoid. When de-energized, no vapors are purged.
The PCM de-energizes the solenoid during open loop
operation. The engine enters closed loop operation after it
reaches a specified temperature and the time delay
ends. During closed loop operation, the PCM ener-
gizes and de-energizes the solenoid approximately 5
to 10 times per second, depending upon operating
conditions. The PCM varies the vapor flow rate by
changing solenoid pulse width. Pulse width is the
amount of time the solenoid energizes. A rubber boot covers the EVAP purge solenoid.
The solenoid and bracket attach to the EVAP canis-
Fig. 12 EVAP Purge Solenoid
Fig. 11 Relay Identification
Ä FUEL SYSTEMS 14 - 61

ter mounting studs (Fig. 12). The top of the solenoid
has the word TOP on it. The solenoid will not oper-
ate unless it is installed correctly.
DATA LINK CONNECTORÐPCM OUTPUT
The data link connector provides the technician
with the means to connect the DRBII scan tool to di-
agnosis the vehicle.
FUEL INJECTORÐPCM OUTPUT
The Fuel Injectors are electric solenoids driven by
the PCM (Fig. 13). Based on sensor inputs, the PCM
determines when and how long the fuel injector
should operate. The amount of time an injector fires
is referred to as injector pulse width. The auto shut-
down (ASD) relay supplies battery voltage to the in-
jector. The PCM supplies the ground path. By
switching the ground path on and off, the PCM ad-
justs injector pulse width.
When the PCM supplies a ground path, a spring
loaded needle or armature lifts from its seat and fuel
flows through the injector orifice. Fuel is constantly supplied to the injector at regu-
lated 380 Kpa (55 psi). Unused fuel returns to the
fuel tank.
GENERATOR FIELDÐPCM OUTPUT
The PCM regulates the charging system voltage
within a range of 12.9 to 15.0 volts. Refer to Group
8A for charging system information.
IDLE AIR CONTROL MOTORÐPCM OUTPUT
The idle speed stepper motor is mounted on the
throttle body and is controlled by the PCM (Fig. 9).
The PCM adjusts engine idle speed through the idle
air control motor to compensate for engine load or
ambient conditions. The throttle body has an air bypass passage that
provides air for the engine at idle (the throttle blade is closed). The idle air control motor pintle protrudes
into the air bypass passage and regulates air flow
through it. The PCM adjusts engine idle speed by moving the
idle air control motor pintle in and out of the bypass
passage. The adjustments are based on inputs the
PCM receives from the throttle position sensor, speed
sensor (distributor pick-up coil), coolant temperature
sensor, and various switch operations (brake, park/
neutral, air conditioning). Deceleration die out is also
prevented by increasing airflow when the throttle is
closed quickly.
IGNITION COILÐPCM OUTPUT
The PCM provides a ground contact (circuit) for en-
ergizing the ignition coil. When the PCM breaks the
contact, the energy in the coil primary transfers to
the secondary causing the spark. The PCM will de-
energize the ASD relay if it does not receive an input
from the distributor pick-up. Refer to Auto Shutdown
(ASD) Relay/Fuel Pump RelayÐPCM Output in this
section for relay operation. The ignition coil is mounted on the hot box next to
the thermostat housing (Fig. 14).
MALFUNCTION INDICATOR (CHECK ENGINE)
LAMPÐPCM OUTPUT
The malfunction indicator lamp (instrument panel
Check Engine lamp) comes on each time the ignition
key is turned ON and stays on for 3 seconds as a
bulb test. The malfunction indicator lamp warns the
operator that the PCM has entered a Limp-in mode.
During Limp-in-Mode, the PCM attempts to keep the
system operational. The malfunction indicator lamp
signals the need for immediate service. In limp-in
Fig. 13 Fuel Injector
Fig. 14 Ignition Coil
14 - 62 FUEL SYSTEMS Ä

mode, the PCM compensates for the failure of certain
components that send incorrect signals. The PCM
substitutes for the incorrect signals with inputs from
other sensors and by using stored default values.Signals that can trigger the Malfunction Indi-
cator (Check Engine) Lamp.
² An emission system component
² Battery Voltage Input
² Charging system
² Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
² Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor
² Methanol Concentration Sensor
² Throttle Position Sensor
The malfunction indicator lamp can also display
diagnostic trouble codes. Cycle the ignition switch on,
off, on, off, on, within five seconds and the PCM
displays any diagnostic trouble codes stored in
memory. Refer to the 2.5L Flexible Fuel Multi-Port
Fuel InjectionÐOn Board Diagnostics section in this
group for diagnostic trouble code descriptions.
RADIATOR FAN RELAYÐPCM OUTPUT
The radiator fan is energized by the PCM through
the radiator fan relay. The PCM grounds the radiator
fan relay when engine coolant reaches a predetermined
temperature. For more information, refer to Group 7,
Cooling Systems. The radiator fan relay is mounted on the drivers side
fender well, next to the strut tower (Fig. 11).
SPEED CONTROL SOLENOIDSÐPCM OUTPUT
The speed control vacuum and vent solenoids are
operated by the PCM. When the PCM supplies a
ground to the vacuum and vent solenoids, the speed
control system opens the throttle blade. When the PCM
supplies a ground only to the vent solenoid, the throttle
blade holds position. When the PCM removes the
ground from both the vacuum and vent solenoids, the
throttle blade closes. The PCM balances the two sole-
noids to maintain the set speed. Refer to Group 8H for
speed control information.
TACHOMETERÐPCM OUTPUT
The PCM supplies engine RPM to the instrument
panel tachometer. Refer to Group 8 for tachometer
information.
TORQUE CONVERTER CLUTCH SOLENOIDÐPCM
OUTPUT
Three-speed automatic transaxles use a torque con-
verter clutch solenoid. The PCM controls the lock-up of
the torque convertor through the solenoid. The tran-
saxle is locked up only in direct drive mode. Refer to
Group 21 for transaxle information.
MODES OF OPERATION
As input signals to the PCM change, the PCM
adjusts its response to the output devices. For example, the PCM must calculate a different injector pulse
width and ignition timing for idle than it does for wide
open throttle (WOT). There are several different modes
of operation that determine how the PCM responds to
the various input signals. There are two different areas of operation, Open
Loop and Closed Loop. During Open Loop modes, the PCM receives input
signals and responds according to preset PCM pro-
gramming. Input from the oxygen (O
2) sensor is not
monitored during Open Loop modes. During CLOSED LOOP modes, the PCM does moni-
tor the oxygen (O
2) sensor input. The input indicates if
the calculated injector pulse width results in the ideal
air-fuel ratio for the current percentage of methanol in
the fuel. By monitoring the exhaust oxygen content
through the O
2sensor, the PCM can fine tune the
injector pulse width to achieve optimum fuel economy
combined with low emissions. The 2.5L flexible fuel multi-port fuel injection system
has the following modes of operation:
² Ignition switch ON - Zero RPM
² Engine start-up
² Engine warm-up
² Cruise (Idle)
² Acceleration
² Deceleration
² Wide Open Throttle
² Ignition switch OFF
The engine start-up (crank), engine warm-up, and
wide open throttle modes are OPEN LOOP modes. The
acceleration, deceleration, and cruise modes, with the
engine at operating temperature are CLOSED
LOOP modes (under most operating conditions).
IGNITION SWITCH ON (ZERO RPM) MODE
When the ignition switch cycles and past the On
position, the fuel injection system activates and the
following actions occur:
² For two seconds at key ON (and during cranking),
the methanol concentration sensor calibrates the PCM.
During the calibration period the sensor sends 4.45
volts to the PCM as a correction factor. After the
calibration period, the methanol concentration sensor
output represents the methanol percentage in the fuel.
² The PCM calculates basic fuel strategy by determin-
ing atmospheric air pressure from the MAP sensor
input.
² The PCM monitors the coolant temperature sensor
and throttle position sensor input. The PCM modifies
fuel strategy based on this input. When the key is in the ON position and the engine is
not running, the auto shutdown (ASD) relay and fuel
pump relay are not energized. Therefore battery volt-
age is not supplied to the fuel pump, ignition coil, fuel
injector or oxygen sensor heating element.
Ä FUEL SYSTEMS 14 - 63

ENGINE START-UP MODE
This is an OPEN LOOP mode. The following ac-
tions occur when the starter motor is engaged. The methanol concentration sensor finishes cali-
brating the PCM (takes approximately two seconds).
After the calibration period, the PCM determines the
methanol content of the fuel from the methanol con-
centration sensor input. If the PCM receives a camshaft position sensor
(distributor pick-up) signal it energizes the auto
shutdown (ASD) relay and fuel pump relay. These re-
lays supply battery voltage to the fuel injector, igni-
tion coil and oxygen sensor heating element. If the
PCM does not receive a camshaft position sensor sig-
nal, it de-energizes the ASD and fuel pump relays af-
ter approximately one second. With the engine idling within 664 RPM of the tar-
get RPM, the PCM compares the current MAP value
with the atmospheric pressure value it received dur-
ing the Ignition Switch On (Zero RPM) Mode. If a
minimum difference between the two is not detected,
a MAP sensor fault is set into memory. Once the ASD relay and fuel pump relay have en-
ergized, the PCM:
² Supplies a ground path to each injector. The injec-
tors are pulsed four times per engine revolution in-
stead of the normal two pulses per revolution.
² Determines injector pulse width based on engine
coolant temperature, methanol concentration sensor
input, MAP sensor input, throttle position, and the
number of engine revolutions since cranking was ini-
tiated.
² Monitors the coolant temperature sensor, camshaft
position sensor, MAP sensor, methanol concentration
sensor, and throttle position sensor to determine cor-
rect ignition timing.
ENGINE WARM-UP MODE
This is a OPEN LOOP mode. The following inputs
are received by the PCM:
² Engine coolant temperature
² Engine speed
² Manifold absolute pressure (MAP)
² Methanol percentage in fuel
² Throttle position
² A/C switch
² Battery voltage
The PCM determines the methanol content of the
fuel from the methanol concentration sensor input. The PCM provides a ground path for the injectors
and energizes them in sequence. The PCM precisely
controls injector pulse width by switching the ground
on and off. The PCM regulates engine idle speed by adjusting
the idle air control motor. Also, the PCM adjusts ig-
nition timing.
CRUISE OR IDLE MODE
When the engine is at operating temperature, this
is a CLOSED LOOP mode. During cruising speed the
following inputs are received by the PCM:
² Engine coolant temperature
² Manifold absolute pressure
² Methanol percentage in fuel
² Engine speed
² Throttle position
² Exhaust gas oxygen content
² A/C control positions
² Battery voltage
The PCM determines the methanol content of the
fuel from the methanol concentration sensor input. The PCM provides a ground path for the injectors
to precisely control injector pulse width. The PCM
controls engine idle speed and ignition timing. The
PCM controls the air/fuel ratio according to the oxy-
gen content in the exhaust gas.
ACCELERATION MODE
This is a CLOSED LOOP mode. The PCM recog-
nizes an abrupt increase in throttle position or MAP
pressure as a demand for increased engine output
and vehicle acceleration. The PCM increases injector
pulse width in response to increased fuel demand.
DECELERATION MODE
This is a CLOSED LOOP mode. During decelera-
tion the following inputs are received by the PCM:
² Engine coolant temperature
² Manifold absolute pressure
² Methanol percentage in fuel
² Engine speed
² Throttle position
² Exhaust gas oxygen content
² A/C control positions
² Battery voltage
The PCM may receive a closed throttle input from
the TPS at the same time it senses an abrupt de-
crease in manifold absolute pressure. This indicates a
hard deceleration. In response, the PCM may modify
the injector firing sequence. Modifying the injector
firing sequence helps maintain better control of the
air-fuel mixture (as sensed through the O
2sensor).
WIDE OPEN THROTTLE MODE
This is an OPEN LOOP mode. During wide open
throttle operation, the following inputs are received
by the PCM:
² Engine coolant temperature
² Manifold absolute pressure
² Methanol percentage in fuel
² Engine speed
² Throttle position
When the PCM senses a wide open throttle condi-
tion, it de-energizes the air conditioning clutch relay.
This disables the air conditioning system.
14 - 64 FUEL SYSTEMS Ä

controlled outputs. The PCM adjusts the air-fuel ra-
tio by changing injector pulse width. Injector pulse
width is the time an injector is energized.
SYSTEM DIAGNOSIS
The PCM tests many of its own input and output
circuits. If a fault is found in a major system, the in-
formation is stored in memory. Technicians can dis-
play fault information through the malfunction
indicator lamp (instrument panel Check Engine
lamp). Also, the technician can read fault informa-
tion by connecting the DRBII scan tool to the data
link connector. For diagnostic trouble code informa-
tion, refer to the 2.2L Turbo III Multi-Port Fuel In-
jectionÐOn-Board Diagnostics section of this group.
CCD BUS
Various modules exchange information through a
communications port called the CCD Bus. The pow-
ertrain control module (PCM) transmits vehicle load
data on the CCD Bus.
POWERTRAIN CONTROL MODULE
The powertrain control module (PCM) is a digital
computer containing a microprocessor (Fig. 2). The
PCM receives input signals from various switches
and sensors that are referred to as PCM Inputs.
Based on these inputs, the PCM adjusts various en-
gine and vehicle operations through devices that are referred to as PCM Outputs.
PCM Inputs:
² Air Conditioning Controls
² Battery Voltage
² Brake Switch
² Camshaft Position Sensor
² Crankshaft Position Sensor
² Charge Air Temperature Sensor
² Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
² Knock Sensor
Fig. 1 Electronic Fuel Injection Components
Fig. 2 PCM
14 - 84 FUEL SYSTEMS Ä

² Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensor
² Oxygen Sensor
² SCI Receive
² Speed Control System Controls
² Throttle Position Sensor
² Vehicle Speed Sensor
PCM Outputs:
² Air Conditioning Clutch Relay
² Generator Field
² Idle Air Control Motor
² Auto Shutdown (ASD) Relay
² Barometric Read Solenoid
² Canister Purge Solenoid
² Malfunction Indicator Lamp (Check Engine Lamp)
² Data Link Connector
² Fuel Injectors
² Ignition Coil
² Radiator Fan Relay
² Speed Control Solenoids
² Tachometer Output
² Wastegate Solenoid
Based on inputs it receives, the PCM adjusts fuel
injector pulse width, idle speed, ignition spark ad-
vance, ignition coil dwell and canister purge opera-
tion. The PCM regulates operation of the cooling fan,
A/C and speed control systems. The PCM changes
generator charge rate by adjusting the generator
field. The PCM adjusts injector pulse width (air-fuel ra-
tio) based on the following inputs.
² battery voltage
² engine coolant temperature
² exhaust gas content
² engine speed (crankshaft position sensor)
² manifold absolute pressure
² throttle position
The PCM adjusts ignition timing based on the fol-
lowing inputs.
² engine coolant temperature
² knock sensor
² engine speed (crankshaft position sensor)
² manifold absolute pressure
² throttle position
The Automatic Shut Down (ASD) and Fuel Pump
relays are mounted externally, but turned on and off
by the PCM through the same circuit. The camshaft position sensor and crankshaft posi-
tion sensor signals are sent to the PCM. If the PCM
does not receive both signals within approximately
one second of engine cranking, it deactivates the
ASD relay and fuel pump relay. When these relays
are deactivated, power is shut off to the fuel injector,
ignition coil, oxygen sensor heating element and fuel
pump. The PCM contains a voltage converter that
changes battery voltage to a regulated 8.0 volts. The
8.0 volts power the camshaft position sensor, crank- shaft position sensor and vehicle speed sensor. The
PCM also provides a 5.0 volts supply for the coolant
temperature sensor, manifold absolute pressure sen-
sor and throttle position sensor.
AIR CONDITIONING SWITCH SENSEÐPCM INPUT
When the air conditioning or defrost switch is put
in the ON position and the low pressure and high
pressure switches are closed, the PCM receives an in-
put for air conditioning. After receiving this input,
the PCM activates the A/C compressor clutch by
grounding the A/C clutch relay. The PCM also ad-
justs idle speed to a scheduled RPM to compensate
for increased engine load.
BATTERY VOLTAGEÐPCM INPUT
The PCM monitors the battery voltage input to de-
termine fuel injector pulse width and generator field
control. If battery voltage is low the PCM will in-
crease injector pulse width (period of time that the
injector is energized).
BRAKE SWITCHÐPCM INPUT
When the brake switch is activated, the PCM re-
ceives an input indicating that the brakes are being
applied. After receiving this input, the PCM vents
the speed control servo. Venting the servo turns the
speed control system off. The brake switch is
mounted on the brake pedal support bracket.
CAMSHAFT POSITION SENSORÐPCM INPUT
Fuel injection synchronization and cylinder identi-
fication are provided through the camshaft position
sensor (Fig. 3). The sensor generates pulses. The
pulse are the input sent to the PCM. The PCM inter-
prets the camshaft position sensor input along with
the crankshaft position sensor input to determine
crankshaft position. The PCM uses crankshaft posi-
tion sensor input to determine injector sequence and
ignition timing.
Fig. 3 Camshaft Sensor
Ä FUEL SYSTEMS 14 - 85

During cranking, before the engine starts running,
the PCM determines atmospheric air pressure from
the MAP sensor voltage. While the engine operates,
the PCM determines intake manifold pressure and
barometric pressure from the MAP sensor voltage.
Based on MAP sensor voltage and inputs from other
sensors, the PCM adjusts spark advance, air/fuel
mixture and controls the turbocharger wastegate. The MAP sensor (Fig. 12) mounts underhood on
the right side of the engine compartment. The sensor
connects electrically to the PCM.
HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR (O2SENSOR)ÐPCM
INPUT
The O2sensor is located in the turbocharger outlet
and provides an input voltage to the PCM (Fig. 13).
The input tells the PCM the oxygen content of the
exhaust gas. The PCM uses this information to fine
tune the air-fuel ratio by adjusting injector pulse
width. The O
2sensor produces voltages from 0 to 1 volt,
depending upon the oxygen content of the exhaust
gas in the exhaust manifold. When a large amount of oxygen is present (caused by a lean air-fuel mixture),
the sensor produces a low voltage. When there is a
lesser amount present (rich air-fuel mixture) it pro-
duces a higher voltage. By monitoring the oxygen
content and converting it to electrical voltage, the
sensor acts as a rich-lean switch. The oxygen sensor is equipped with a heating ele-
ment that keeps the sensor at proper operating tem-
perature during all operating modes. Maintaining
correct sensor temperature at all times allows the
system to enter into closed loop operation sooner.
Also, it allows the system to remain in closed loop
operation during periods of extended idle. In Closed Loop operation the PCM monitors the O
2
sensor input (along with other inputs) and adjusts
the injector pulse width accordingly. During Open
Loop operation the PCM ignores the O
2sensor input.
The PCM adjusts injector pulse width based on pre-
programmed (fixed) values and inputs from other
sensors.
SPEED CONTROLÐPCM INPUT
The speed control system provides four separate
voltages (inputs) to the PCM. The voltages corre-
spond to the On/Off, Set, and Resume. The speed control ON voltage informs the PCM
that the speed control system has been activated.
The speed control SET voltage informs the PCM that
a fixed vehicle speed has been selected. The speed
control RESUME voltage indicates the previous fixed
speed is requested. The speed control OFF voltage
tells the PCM that the speed control system has de-
activated. Refer to Group 8H for further speed con-
trol information.
THROTTLE POSITION SENSOR (TPS)ÐPCM INPUT
The Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) is mounted on
the throttle body and connected to the throttle blade
shaft (Fig. 14). The TPS is a variable resistor that
provides the PCM with an input signal (voltage) rep-
Fig. 11 Knock Sensor
Fig. 12 MAP Sensor
Fig. 13 Heated Oxygen Sensor
14 - 88 FUEL SYSTEMS Ä

resenting throttle blade position. As the position of
the throttle blade changes, the resistance of the TPS
changes. The PCM supplies approximately 5 volts to the
TPS. The TPS output voltage (input signal to the
PCM) represents the throttle blade position. The TPS
output voltage to the PCM varies from approxi-
mately 0.5 volt at minimum throttle opening (idle) to
4 volts at wide open throttle. Along with inputs from
other sensors, the PCM uses the TPS input to deter-
mine current engine operating conditions and adjust
fuel injector pulse width and ignition timing.
VEHICLE SPEED SENSORÐPCM INPUT
The vehicle speed sensor (Fig. 15) is located on the
transaxle extension housing. The sensor input is
used by the PCM to determine vehicle speed and dis-
tance traveled.
The speed sensor generates 8 pulses per sensor rev-
olution. These signals, along with a closed throttle
signal from the TPS, determine if a closed throttle
deceleration or normal idle condition (vehicle
stopped) exists. Under deceleration conditions, the
PCM adjusts the idle air control motor to maintain a desired MAP value. Under idle conditions, the PCM
adjusts the idle air control motor to maintain desired
engine speed.
AIR CONDITIONING CLUTCH RELAYÐPCM
OUTPUT
The PCM operates the air conditioning clutch relay
ground circuit. The radiator fan relay supplies bat-
tery power to the solenoid side of the A/C clutch re-
lay. The air conditioning clutch relay will not
energize unless the radiator fan relay energizes. The
PCM energizes the radiator fan relay when the air
conditioning or defrost switch is put in the ON posi-
tion and the low pressure and high pressure switches
close. When the PCM senses wide open throttle
through the throttle position sensor, or low engine
RPM it will de-energize the A/C clutch relay, open
it's contacts and prevent air conditioning clutch en-
gagement. On AG Body vehicles, the relay is located in the
power distribution center (Fig. 16).
GENERATOR FIELDÐPCM OUTPUT
The PCM regulates the charging system voltage
within a range of 12.9 to 15.0 volts. Refer to Group
8A for charging system information.
AUTO SHUTDOWN (ASD) RELAY AND FUEL PUMP
RELAYÐPCM OUTPUT
The PCM operates the auto shutdown (ASD) relay
and fuel pump relay through one ground path. The
PCM operates the relays by switching the ground
path on and off. Both relays turn on and off at the
same time. The ASD relay connects battery voltage to the fuel
injector and ignition coil. The fuel pump relay con-
nects battery voltage to the fuel pump and oxygen
sensor heating element. The PCM turns the ground path off when the igni-
tion switch is in the Off position. Both relays are off.
When the ignition switch is in the On or Crank po-
Fig. 14 Throttle Position Sensor and Idle Air Control Motor
Fig. 15 Vehicle Speed Sensor
Fig. 16 Power Distribution CenterÐAG Body
Ä FUEL SYSTEMS 14 - 89

diagnostic trouble codes stored in the PCM will be
displayed. Refer to the 2.2L Turbo III Multi-port Fuel
InjectionÐOn-Board Diagnostics section of this
Group for Diagnostic trouble code Descriptions.
DATA LINK CONNECTORÐPCM OUTPUT
The data link connector provides the technician
with the means to connect the DRBII scan tool to di-
agnosis the vehicle.
FUEL INJECTORÐPCM OUTPUT
The Fuel Injectors are electric solenoids driven by
the PCM (Fig. 18).
Based on sensor inputs, the PCM determines when
and how long the fuel injector should operate. The
amount of time an injector fires is referred to as in-
jector pulse width. The auto shutdown (ASD) relay
supplies battery voltage to the injector. The PCM
supplies the ground path. By switching the ground
path on and off, the PCM adjusts injector pulse
width. When the PCM supplies a ground path, a spring
loaded needle or armature lifts from its seat and fuel
flows through the injector orifice. Fuel is constantly supplied to the injector at regu-
lated 380 Kpa (55 psi). Unused fuel returns to the
fuel tank.
IGNITION COILÐPCM OUTPUT
The Direct Ignition System (DIS) uses a molded
coil (Fig. 19). The coil is mounted on the front of the
engine. High tension leads route to each cylinder
from the coil. The coil fires two spark plugs every
power stroke. One plug is the cylinder under com-
pression, the other cylinder fires on the exhaust
stroke. The PCM determines which of the coils to
charge and fire at the correct time. The auto shutdown (ASD) relay provides battery
voltage to the ignition coil. The PCM provides a
ground contact (circuit) for energizing the coil. When the PCM breaks the contact, the energy in the coil
primary transfers to the secondary causing the
spark. The PCM will de-energize the ASD relay if it
does not receive the crankshaft position sensor and
camshaft position sensor inputs. Refer to Auto Shut-
down (ASD) Relay/Fuel Pump RelayÐPCM Output
in this section for relay operation.
RADIATOR FAN RELAYÐPCM OUTPUT
The radiator fan is energized by the PCM through
the radiator fan relay. The PCM grounds the radia-
tor fan relay when engine coolant reaches a predeter-
mined temperature. For more information, refer to
Group 7, Cooling Systems. The radiator fan relay is located in the power dis-
tribution center (Fig. 16). Refer to the Wiring and
Component Identification section of Group 8W.
SPEED CONTROL SOLENOIDSÐPCM OUTPUT
The speed control vacuum and vent solenoids are
operated by the PCM. When the PCM supplies a
ground to the vacuum and vent solenoids, the speed
control system opens the throttle blade. When the
PCM supplies a ground only to the vent solenoid, the
throttle blade holds position. When the PCM removes
the ground from both the vacuum and vent solenoids,
the throttle blade closes. The PCM balances the two
solenoids to maintain the set speed. Refer to Group
8H for speed control information.
TACHOMETERÐPCM OUTPUT
The PCM supplies engine RPM to the instrument
panel tachometer. Refer to Group 8 for tachometer
information.
WASTEGATE CONTROL SOLENOIDÐPCM OUTPUT
The PCM operates the wastegate control solenoid.
The PCM adjusts maximum boost to varying engine
conditions by changing the amount of time the sole-
Fig. 18 Fuel Injector
Fig. 19 Ignition Coil
Ä FUEL SYSTEMS 14 - 91

noid is energized. The solenoid mounts to the passen-
ger side inner fender panel, next to the strut tower
(Fig. 17).
MODES OF OPERATION
As input signals to the PCM change, the PCM
adjusts its response to the output devices. For example,
the PCM must calculate a different injector pulse
width and ignition timing for idle than it does for wide
open throttle (WOT). There are several different modes
of operation that determine how the PCM responds to
the various input signals. There are two different areas of operation, OPEN
LOOP and CLOSED LOOP. During OPEN LOOP modes, the PCM receives input
signals and responds according to preset PCM pro-
gramming. Input from the oxygen (O
2) sensor is not
monitored during OPEN LOOP modes. During CLOSED LOOP modes, the PCM does moni-
tor the oxygen (O
2) sensor input. This input indicates
to the PCM whether or not the calculated injector pulse
width results in the ideal air-fuel ratio of 14.7 parts air
to 1 part fuel. By monitoring the exhaust oxygen
content through the O
2sensor, the PCM can fine tune
the injector pulse width to achieve optimum fuel
economy combined with low emissions. The 2.2L Turbo III multi-port fuel injection system
has the following modes of operation:
² Ignition switch ON - Zero RPM
² Engine start-up
² Engine warm-up
² Cruise (Idle)
² Acceleration
² Deceleration
² Wide Open Throttle
² Ignition switch OFF
The engine start-up (crank), engine warm-up, and
wide open throttle modes are OPEN LOOP modes. The
acceleration, deceleration, and cruise modes, with the
engine at operating temperature are CLOSED
LOOP modes (under most operating conditions).
IGNITION SWITCH ON (ZERO RPM) MODE
When the ignition switch activates the fuel injection
system the following actions occur:
²
The PCM calculates basic fuel strategy by determining
atmospheric air pressure from the MAP sensor input.
² The PCM monitors the coolant temperature sensor
and throttle position sensor input. The PCM modifies
fuel strategy based on this input. When the key is in the ON position and the engine is
not running, the auto shutdown (ASD) relay and fuel
pump relay are not energized. Therefore battery volt-
age is not supplied to the fuel pump, ignition coil, fuel
injector or oxygen sensor heating element.
ENGINE START-UP MODE
This is an OPEN LOOP mode. The following actions
occur when the starter motor is engaged. If the PCM receives the camshaft position and crank-
shaft position sensor signals, it energizes the auto
shutdown (ASD) relay and fuel pump relay. These
relays supply battery voltage to the fuel pump, fuel
injectors, ignition coil, and oxygen sensor heating ele-
ment. If the PCM does not receive the camshaft posi-
tion sensor and crankshaft position sensor signals
within approximately one second, it de-energizes the
ASD relay and fuel pump relay. The PCM energizes all injectors until it determines
crankshaft position from the camshaft position sensor
and crankshaft position sensor signals. The PCM de-
termines crankshaft position within 1 engine revolu-
tion. After determining crankshaft position, the PCM be-
gins energizing the injectors in sequence. The PCM
adjusts injector pulse width and controls injector syn-
chronization by turning the individual ground paths to
the injectors On and Off. When the engine idles within 664 RPM of its target
RPM, the PCM compares current MAP sensor value
with the atmospheric pressure value received during
the Ignition Switch On (zero RPM) mode. If the PCM
does not detect a minimum difference between the two
values, it sets a MAP fault into memory. Once the ASD and fuel pump relays have been
energized, the PCM:
² Determines injector pulse width based on coolant
temperature, manifold absolute pressure (MAP) and
the number of engine revolutions since cranking was
initiated.
² Monitors the coolant temperature sensor, camshaft
position sensor, crankshaft position sensor, MAP sen-
sor, and throttle position sensor to determine correct
ignition timing.
ENGINE WARM-UP MODE
This is a OPEN LOOP mode. The following inputs
are received by the PCM:
² engine coolant temperature
² knock sensor
² manifold absolute pressure (MAP)
² engine speed (crankshaft position sensor)
² throttle position
² A/C switch
² battery voltage
The PCM provides a ground path for the injectors to
precisely control injector pulse width (by switching the
ground on and off). The PCM adjusts engine idle speed
through the idle air control motor. Also, the PCM
regulates ignition timing.
14 - 92 FUEL SYSTEMS Ä