lock CHEVROLET DYNASTY 1993 Service Manual
[x] Cancel search | Manufacturer: CHEVROLET, Model Year: 1993, Model line: DYNASTY, Model: CHEVROLET DYNASTY 1993Pages: 2438, PDF Size: 74.98 MB
Page 2253 of 2438

AP-VEHICLE BODY COMPONENT SERVICE INDEX
page page
A-Pillar and Roof Rail Mouldings ............ 109
B-Pillar Trim PanelÐAP-44 Body ............ 109
Body Side Moulding and Applique ........... 108
Cowl Panel Trim and Scuff Plates ........... 109
Door Opening Weatherstrips ............... 107
Floor Carpet ........................... 113
Front Center Console .................... 113
Front Door and Hinge .................... 100
Front Door Belt Moulding and Weatherstrip .... 102
Front Door Glass ........................ 101
Front Door Glass Channel and Run Weatherstrip .......................... 103
Front Door Glass Run Lower Channels ....... 103
Front Door Latch ........................ 101
Front Door Side View Mirror ............... 101
Front Door Trim PanelÐAP-24/44 Body ....... 99
Front Door Water Shield .................. 100
Front Door Window Regulator/Manual ........ 103
Front Door Window Regulator/Power ......... 104
Front End Splash Shields .................. 99
Front Power Door Lock Actuator ............ 102
Front Seat BeltsÐAP-24 Body .............. 110
Front Seat BeltsÐAP-44 Body .............. 110
Front Seats ............................ 111
Grille .................................. 97
Grille Opening Panel ...................... 97
Head Lining ............................ 114
Hood and Hinges ........................ 97 Hood Latch and Release Cable
.............. 98
Lift Gate Luggage Rack ................... 116
Lift Gate Remote Release Cable ............ 115
Lower Quarter Trim PanelÐAP-44 Body ...... 109
Outside Front Door Latch Release Handle ..... 101
Outside Rear Door Latch Release Handle ..... 105
Overhead Console ....................... 113
Quarter Glass Weatherstrip ................ 108
Quarter Glass Window ................... 108
Quarter Trim PanelÐAP-44 Body ........... 109
Rear Door and Hinge .................... 104
Rear Door Belt Moulding and Weatherstrip .... 106
Rear Door Glass ........................ 106
Rear Door Glass Run Weatherstrip .......... 107
Rear Door Latch ........................ 105
Rear Door Silencer and Water Shield ........ 104
Rear Door Stationary Glass ................ 107
Rear Door Trim Panel .................... 104
Rear Door Window Regulator/Manual ........ 107
Rear Door Window Regulator/Power ......... 107
Rear Power Door Lock Actuator ............ 106
Rear Seat Belts ......................... 111
Rear Seats ............................ 112
Rear Window Glass ...................... 115
Sun Roof Air Deflector ................... 114
Sun Roof Drain Tubes .................... 115
Sun Roof Weatherstrip ................... 114
Upper Quarter Trim PanelÐAP-44 Body ...... 109
GRILLE
REMOVAL (FIG. 1)
(1) Raise hood to the up position.
(2) Remove screws holding grille to grille opening
panel. (3) Separate grille from vehicle.
INSTALLATION
Reverse the preceding operation.
GRILLE OPENING PANEL
REMOVAL (FIG. 1)
(1) Remove grille from grille opening panel.
(2) Remove headlamp assemblies. Refer to Group
8L. Lamps for proper procedures. (3) Remove bolts holding grille opening panel to
closure panel brackets. (4) Remove bolt holding grille opening panel to
brace in front of radiator. (5) Separate grille opening panel from vehicle.
INSTALLATION
Reverse the preceding operation.
HOOD AND HINGES
HOOD REMOVAL (FIG. 2)
(1) Raise hood to full up position.
(2) Disconnect the under hood lamp wire connec-
tor. (3) Mark all bolt and hinge attachment locations
with a grease pencil or other suitable device to pro-
vide reference marks for installation. When install-
Fig. 1 Grille and Grille Opening Panel
Ä AP-BODY 23 - 97
Page 2256 of 2438

(7) Remove screws holding arm rest to door trim.
Disconnect power door lock switch wire connector. (8) Disengage frog-leg clips from around bottom
and side edges of trim panel. Lift trim panel upward
and separate trim from door. (9) Disconnect courtesy lamp wire connector.
DOOR TRIM PANEL INSTALLATION
Reverse the preceding operation.
FRONT DOOR WATER SHIELD
REMOVAL
(1) Remove front door trim panel.
(2) Remove push-in fasteners holding silencer pad
to door inner panel and separate silencer from door. (3) Pull water shield from adhesive around perim-
eter of door inner panel.
INSTALLATION
Reverse the preceding operation.
FRONT DOOR AND HINGE
The front door hinge is welded to the door and
bolted to the hinge pillar. The door half of the hinge
pivots on a removable hinge pin. The hinge pin is
driven in from the bottom on the top hinge and from
the top on the bottom hinge. All adjustments to the
hinge are performed on the hinge pillar half of the
hinge. If the welded half of the hinge must be bent to
align door, consult an authorized body repair facility.
FRONT DOOR REMOVAL (FIG. 9)
(1) Remove door trim panel, silencer pad, and wa-
ter shield. (2) Disconnect all wire connectors and wire har-
ness hold downs inside door and push wire harness
through access hole in front of door into hinge pillar
opening. (3) Open door and support door on a suitable lift-
ing device. (4) Drive bottom hinge pin upward and remove pin
from hinge. (5) Drive top hinge pin downward and remove pin
from hinge.
FRONT DOOR INSTALLATION
Reverse the preceding operation. The door should
not require re-alignment. If door does need align-
ment, refer to Front Door Hinge Installation para-
graph in this section.
FRONT DOOR HINGE REMOVAL (FIG. 9)
(1) Remove front fender wheelhouse splash shield.
Refer to Front Wheelhouse Splash Shield Removal
paragraph in this section. (2) Support door on a suitable lifting device.
(3) Drive out hinge pin on the effected hinge.
(4) Remove bolts holding hinge to hinge pillar and
separate hinge form vehicle.
Fig. 7 Engine Drive Belt Splash Shield
Fig. 8 Front Door Trim Panel
Fig. 9 Front Door HingesÐTypical
23 - 100 AP-BODY Ä
Page 2257 of 2438

FRONT DOOR HINGE INSTALLATION
Reverse the preceding operation. Align door to
achieve 6 mm (0.240 in.) gap to all surrounding pan-
els and flush across gaps.
OUTSIDE FRONT DOOR LATCH RELEASE HANDLE
REMOVAL (FIG. 10)
(1) Remove front door trim panel, silencer pad, and
water shield. (2) Raise door glass to full up position.
(3) Disconnect security alarm switch and illumi-
nated entry switch from back of outside front door
latch release handle, if equipped. For additional in-
formation refer to Group 8Q, Vehicle Theft Security
System (4) Disconnect lock rod and latch release rod from
door latch assembly. (5) Remove nuts holding outside door latch handle
to retainer bracket and separate bracket from door. (6) Swing lock rod upward, parallel to back of
latch handle, and separate latch handle from door
panel.
INSTALLATION
Reverse the preceding operation.
FRONT DOOR LATCH
REMOVAL (FIG. 11)
(1) Remove front door trim panel, silencer pad and
water shield. (2) Raise door glass to full up position.
(3) Disconnect all actuator rods from door latch as-
sembly. (4) Remove screws holding door latch assembly to
inner door rear panel and separate latch from door.
INSTALLATION
Reverse the preceding operation.
FRONT DOOR SIDE VIEW MIRROR
REMOVAL (FIG. 12)
(1) Remove front door trim panel.
(2) Remove side view mirror remote adjusting
knob cover, if equipped. (3) Remove screws holding mirror bezel to door
frame and separate bezel from door. Loosen set-screw
holding bezel to mirror adjuster cable, if equipped. (4) Remove silencer seal from door frame behind
mirror bezel. (5) Disconnect power mirror wire connector, if
equipped. (6) Remove access hole cover.
(7) Remove nuts holding mirror to door frame and
separate mirror from door.
INSTALLATION
Reverse the preceding operation.
FRONT DOOR GLASS
REMOVAL (FIG. 13)
(1) Remove door trim panel, silencer pad, and wa-
ter shield. (2) Position door glass half way up in door glass
opening. (3) Insert door glass removal tool C-4867 between
the glass slide and channel retaining lip at approxi-
mately 50 mm (2 in.) down from top rearward corner
of glass. Push handle of tool toward glass to open
channel. Push downward at the front of the glass to
separate the slide from the channel. (4) Insert door glass removal tool C-4867 between
the glass slide and channel retaining lip at approxi-
Fig. 10 Outside Front Door Latch Release HandleÐTypical
Fig. 11 Front Door LatchÐTypical
Ä AP-BODY 23 - 101
Page 2258 of 2438

mately 50 mm (2 in.) up from bottom rearward cor-
ner of glass through opening in inner door panel.
Push handle of tool toward glass to open channel.
Pull upward at front of glass to separate the slide
from the channel. Do not allow upper slide to snap
bank into channel. (5) Rotate front of glass downward and slide glass
forward to separate glass lift channel from regulator
lift arm roller. (6) Remove door glass through opening at top of
door.
INSTALLATION
(1) Lower door glass into opening at top of door.
(2) Tip rear of glass downward and insert window
regulator lift arm roller into glass lift channel. (3) Guide door glass into glass run weatherstrip at
front of door. (4) Push top of glass rearward to snap top slide
into glass run channel. (5) Push downward at front of glass to snap bottom
slide into glass run channel. (6) Install water shield, silencer pad and trim
panel.
FRONT POWER DOOR LOCK ACTUATOR
REMOVAL (FIG. 14)
(1) Disconnect battery negative cable.
(2) Remove front door trim panel.
(3) Remove water shield as necessary.
(4) Remove rivets holding lock motor to inner door
panel wit ha6mm (1/4 in.) drill.
(5) Disconnect lock motor linkage rod from door
latch. (6) Disconnect lock motor wire connector.
(7) Separate lock motor from door.
INSTALLATION
Reverse the preceding operation.
FRONT DOOR BELT MOULDING AND
WEATHERSTRIP
BELT MOULDING AND WEATHERSTRIP
REMOVAL
(1) Remove trim panel, silencer pad, and water
shield as necessary to gain access to belt moulding
attaching screws. (2) Remove door glass.
(3) Remove screws holding belt moulding and
weatherstrip to outer door panel and separate moul-
ding from door.
BELT MOULDING AND WEATHERSTRIP INSTALLATION
Reverse the preceding operation.
Fig. 12 Front Door Side View MirrorÐTypical
Fig. 13 Front Door Glass
Fig. 14 Front Power Door Lock ActuatorÐTypical
23 - 102 AP-BODY Ä
Page 2262 of 2438

REAR POWER DOOR LOCK ACTUATOR
REMOVAL (FIG. 24)
(1) Remove door trim panel, silencer pad, and wa-
ter shield. (2) Raise door glass to full up position.
(3) Remove door speaker, if equipped.
(4) Disconnect actuator rod from door latch assem-
bly. (5) Remove screws holding power lock actuator to
inner door panel and separate from door.
INSTALLATION
Reverse the preceding operation.
REAR DOOR GLASS
REMOVAL (FIG. 25)
(1) Remove door trim panel and water shield.
(2) Position door glass half way up in door glass
opening. (3) Pull upward firmly at the front upper corner of
glass to disengage lower glass guide from run chan-
nel. (4) Insert door glass removal tool C-4867 between
the glass slide and division run channel retaining lip
at approximately 50 mm (2 in.) down from top rear-
ward corner of glass. Push handle of tool toward
glass to open channel. Pull forward on the glass to
separate the slide from the channel. (5) Position glass inboard of the division channel.
Pivot top of glass rearward between division channel
and inner door panel. (6) Separate regulator lift arm roller from glass lift
channel or remove bolt from regulator track, with
power windows. (7) Remove door glass through opening at top of
door.
INSTALLATION
(1) Lower door glass into opening at top of door.
(2) Insert window regulator lift arm roller into
glass lift channel or install bolt to regulator track,
with power windows. (3) Push top of glass rearward to snap top slide
into division run channel. (4) Push downward at front of glass to snap bottom
slide into channel. (5) Install water shield and trim panel.
REAR DOOR BELT MOULDING AND
WEATHERSTRIP
REMOVAL
(1) Remove trim panel, silencer pad, and water
shield.
Fig. 23 Rear Door Latch AssemblyÐTypical
Fig. 24-Rear Power Lock ActuatorÐTypical
Fig. 25 Rear Door Glass
23 - 106 AP-BODY Ä
Page 2279 of 2438

foam is easily damaged and may need replacement.
Inspect them, if they are either loose or missing re-
place them as necessary.(1) Unlock and raise the trunk lid.
(2) Remove rear seat back.
(3) Apply masking tape to the painted surfaces
around the top of the quarter panels to avoid damage
during tack strip removal. (4) Remove the nuts and bolts holding top cover
rear tack strip to deck filler panel and quarter pan-
els. (5) Separate the tack strip from the quarter panel
flanges. (6) Using a suitable white marking pencil, mark
the edges of top cover on the tack strip to aid instal-
lation. (7) Remove staples holding top cover to the tack
strip. (8) Separate top cover from the tack strip.
(9) Using a suitable white marking pencil, mark
the locations of the rear stay pads tack strip to aid
installation. (10) Remove staples holding lower end of rear stay
pads to tack strip. (11) Mark location of suspender strap on the tack
strip to aid installation. (12) Remove staples holding lower end of sus-
pender straps to tack strip. (13) Slide feature strip from retainer channel on
the fourth roof bow. (14) Separate top cover from the fourth roof bow
retainer. (15) Remove rivets holding retainer channel to
fourth roof bow. (16) Separate retainer channel from fourth roof
bow. (17) Remove staples holding rear stay pads and
suspender straps to fourth roof bow. (18) Separate rear stay pads and suspender straps
from the vehicle. (19) Using a suitable white marking pencil, mark
the edge of the upper rear window on the fourth roof
bow to aid installation. If the foam filler strips must be replaced, mark the
locations of the filler strips on the fourth roof bow to
aid installation. (20) Remove staples holding rear window to fourth
roof bow. (21) Remove staples holding outboard corners of
rear window valance and carrier from rear tack strip. (22) Separate bottom of rear window from rear tack
strip. (23) Separate top of rear window from fourth roof
bow. (24) Separate rear window from vehicle.
INSTALLATION
Cut square holes in lower edge of rear window fab-
ric for mounting studs of rear tack strip. Holes
should be no higher or wider than fastener holes.
Holes should be open ended on the bottom edge. Use
original rear window as a template for marks and
hole locations. (1) Tape paper to front and back sides of new rear
window without attaching tape to rear window. (2) Position centerline of upper rear window val-
ance to the centerline of the fourth roof bow. (3) Staple the rear window to the fourth roof bow
tack strip from center, outward. Install staples at one
inch spacing across the roof bow to allow for staples
to hold on the suspender straps and stay pads. (4) Install foam filler strip at the ends of the
fourth roof, if replacement is required. (5) Install side stay pads on fourth roof bow.
(6) staple side stay pads to fourth roof bow.
Fig. 16 Gas Assist Cylinder
Fig. 17 Rear Window
Ä AP/27 CONVERTIBLE 23 - 123
Page 2284 of 2438

REAR SEAT BACK
REMOVAL (FIG. 28)
(1) Remove seat cushion.
(2) Raise sling well behind quarter trim panels to
gain access to seat back nuts. (3) Reach beneath sling well and remove nuts
holding seat back to support reinforcement. (4) Separate seat back from vehicle.
INSTALLATION
Reverse the preceding operation.
QUARTER TRIM PANEL
REMOVAL (FIG. 29)
(1) Remove bolts holding front outboard seat belt
to floor. Remove cover from belt end. (2) Remove screws holding quarter trim to inner
quarter panel. (3) Remove push-in fastener holding top of door
opening weatherstrip to quarter trim panel. (4) Remove door opening sill plate as necessary to
clear quarter trim. (5) Remove courtesy lamp and disconnect wire con-
nector. (6) Separate trim panel from inner quarter panel
and disconnect speaker wire. (7) Remove bolts holding rear outboard seat belt to
inner quarter panel. (8) Push seat belt end through openings in trim
panel and remove trim panel from vehicle.
INSTALLATION
Reverse the preceding operation.
DOOR STRIKER GUIDE
REMOVAL (FIG. 30)
(1) Remove quarter trim panel as necessary to
gain access to striker guide attachments. (2) Remove nuts holding striker guide to inner
quarter panel. (3) Separate striker guide from lock pillar.
INSTALLATION
Reverse the preceding operation.
FRONT SEAT BELT RETRACTOR
REMOVAL (FIG. 31)
(1) Remove quarter trim panel as necessary to
gain access to seat belt retractor. (2) Remove bolt holding shoulder harness turning
loop to inner quarter panel. (3) Remove bolt holding seat belt retractor to inner
quarter panel. (4) Separate seat belt from vehicle.
Fig. 28 Rear Seat Attaching Nuts
Fig. 29 Quarter Trim Panel
Fig. 30 Door Striker Guide
23 - 128 AP/27 CONVERTIBLE Ä
Page 2287 of 2438

(3) Mark all bolt and hinge attachment locations
with a grease pencil to provide reference marks for
installation. When installing hinge, align all marks
and secure bolts. The trunk lid should be aligned to 4
mm (.160 in.) gap to the quarter panels and flush
across the top surfaces along quarters. (4) Remove bolts holding hinge to trunk lid and
separate hinge from vehicle.
INSTALLATION
Reverse the preceding operation.
CONVERTIBLE TOP ADJUSTMENTS
When a convertible top component is aligned to
proper fit and finish specifications, weatherstrips and
seals will not always make proper contact. In these
cases, the use of shims, spacers, caulking putty and
foam adhesive backed tape will be required to gain
proper seal compression. Align weatherstrip and seal
channels or retainers so the contact surfaces are
smooth and make full contact with mating surfaces.
A paper strip, equal in size to a dollar bill, should be
able to be drawn through the contact surfaces with-
out tearing the paper. A reasonable amount of effort
should be required to pull the paper through. Bolt on body panels should be aligned to the weld
on body components. The door should be aligned to
the quarter panel, rocker panel and A-pillar. The
gaps between panels should be as equal as possible.
When the door is fitted properly, the door glass can
be aligned to roof rail and A-pillar weatherstrips. Af-
ter verifying the door and door glass alignment, the
quarter glass can be aligned to the door glass and
rear roof rail.
DOOR GLASS ALIGNMENT
GLASS UP-STOP
The door glass up-stop bumper can be adjusted to
raise or lower the glass in the full up position. (1) Remove door trim panel and water shield.
(2) Loosen up-stop bolt.
(3) Adjust bracket.
(4) Tighten up-stop bolt.
DIVISION BAR ALIGNMENT
The rear of the glass can be aligned up or down by
shifting the bottom attachment of the division bar.
Division bar adjustments are small and may not be
possible on some vehicles. (1) Remove door trim panel and water shield.
(2) Loosen blot holding bottom of division bar to
inner door panel. (3) Loosen bolt holding division bar to door inner
panel below stationary glass. (4) Shift division bar forward or rearward to
achieve proper adjustment. (5) Tighten bolts.
CONVERTIBLE TOP LATCH HOOKS
(1) Disengage top latches and raise top halfway.
(2) Loosen set screw locking latch hook in position.
(2) Rotate latch hook in or out to adjust latching
effort and roof header weatherstrip compression. (3) Verify latching effort and tighten set screws.
ROOF RAIL WEATHERSTRIP RETAINER
(1) Disengage top latches and raise top halfway.
(2) Verify that door glass is all the way up and
properly aligned.
Fig. 37 Trunk Lid
Fig. 38 Trunk Lid Hinge
Ä AP/27 CONVERTIBLE 23 - 131
Page 2290 of 2438

HOOD ORNAMENT AY/P-S
REMOVAL (FIG. 2)
(1) Remove grille.
(2) Locate hood ornament spring under grille open-
ing panel header. (3) Compress hood ornament spring enough to
clear hooks on end of retaining wire. (4) Squeeze retainer wire hooks together and push
hooks inside spring. (5) Rotate spring counterclockwise to separate
spring from retainer. (6) Separate hood ornament from grille opening
panel.
INSTALLATION
Reverse the preceding operation.
GRILLE OPENING PANEL AY/P BODY
For service procedures for headlamp related compo-
nents refer to Group 8L, Lamps.
REMOVAL (FIG. 3)
(1) Remove front bumper and grille.
(2) Remove front end splash shields as necessary to
gain access to behind fenders. (3) Remove nuts holding GOP mouldings to front
fenders. (4) Remove nuts holding grille opening panel to
front fenders. (6) Disconnect concealed headlamp motor wire con-
nector. (7) Disconnect all lamp wire connectors.
(8) Remove bolts holding grille opening panel to
radiator closure panel and center brace. (9) Separate grille opening panel from vehicle.
INSTALLATION
Reverse the preceding operation.
GRILLE OPENING PANEL AY/S BODY
For service procedures for headlamp related compo-
nents refer to Group 8L, Lamps.
REMOVAL (FIG. 4)
(1) Remove front bumper and grille.
(2) Remove front end splash shields as necessary to
gain access to behind fenders. (3) Remove nuts holding mouldings to front fend-
ers. (4) Remove bolts holding mouldings to bottom of
grille opening panel and separate mouldings from ve-
hicle. (5) Remove nuts holding grille opening panel to
front fenders. (6) Disconnect concealed headlamp motor wire con-
nector. (7) Disconnect headlamp wire connectors.
(8) Remove bolts holding grille opening panel to
radiator closure panel mount brackets and center
brace. (9) Separate grille opening panel from vehicle.
INSTALLATION
Reverse the preceding operation.
HOOD AND HINGES
HOOD REMOVAL (FIG. 5)
(1) Raise hood to full up position.
(2) Lift front edge of cowl cover on the right side of
the windshield washer bottle and disconnect the un-
der hood lamp wire connector. (3) Mark all bolt and hinge attachment locations
with a grease pencil or other suitable device to pro-
vide reference marks for installation. When install-
ing hood, align all marks and secure bolts. The hood
should be aligned to 4 mm (0.160 in.) gap to the front
fenders and flush across the top surfaces along fend-
ers.
Fig. 3 Grille Opening PanelÐAY/P Body
Fig. 4 Grille Opening PanelÐAY/S Body
23 - 134 AY-BODY Ä
Page 2293 of 2438

(6) Disengage frog-leg fasteners holding trim panel
to inner door panel. (7) Lift trim panel upward and separate trim from
door. (8) Disconnect courtesy lamp, power door lock
switch and power window switch wire connectors.
TRIM PANEL INSTALLATION
Reverse the preceding operation.
SIDE VIEW MIRROR TRIM COVER
REMOVAL
(1) Remove Front door trim panel.
(2) Disconnect power mirror wire connector.
(3) Remove screws holding mirror trim cover to
door frame.
INSTALLATION
Reverse the preceding operation.
DOOR FRAME TRIM MOULDING
REMOVAL (FIG. 11)
(1) Remove front door trim panel.
(2) Disengage trim clips holding moulding to win-
dow opening frame and separate moulding from door.
INSTALLATION
Reverse the preceding operation.
FRONT DOOR SILENCER AND WATER SHIELD
REMOVAL
(1) Remove front door trim panel.
(2) Pull water shield from adhesive around perim-
eter of door inner panel.
INSTALLATION
Reverse the preceding operation.
FRONT DOOR AND HINGE
The front door hinge is welded to the door and
bolted to the hinge pillar. The door half of the hinge
pivots on a removable hinge pin. The hinge pin is
driven in from the bottom on the top hinge and from
the top on the bottom hinge. All adjustments to the
hinge are performed on the hinge pillar half of the
hinge. If the welded half of the hinge must be bent to
align door, consult an authorized body repair facility.
FRONT DOOR REMOVAL (FIG. 12)
(1) Remove door trim panel, silencer pad, and wa-
ter shield. (2) Disconnect all wire connectors and wire har-
ness hold downs inside door and push wire harness
through access hole in front of door into hinge pillar
opening. (3) Open door and support door on a suitable lift-
ing device. (4) Drive bottom hinge pin upward and remove pin
from hinge. (5) Drive top hinge pin downward and remove pin
from hinge.
FRONT DOOR INSTALLATION
Reverse the preceding operation. The door should
not require re-alignment. If door does need align-
ment, refer to Front Door Hinge Installation para-
graph in this section.
FRONT DOOR HINGE REMOVAL (FIG. 12)
(1) Remove front fender wheelhouse splash shield.
Refer to Front Wheelhouse Splash Shield Removal
paragraph in this section. (2) Support door on a suitable lifting device.
(3) Drive out hinge pin on the effected hinge.
Fig. 10 Engine Drive Belt Splash ShieldÐTypical
Fig. 11 Front Door Trim Panel
Ä AY-BODY 23 - 137