coolant temperature INFINITI QX56 2011 Factory User Guide

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COMPONENT PARTS
The heated oxygen sensor 2, after three way catalyst (manifold),
monitors the oxygen level in the exhaust gas on each bank.
Even if switching characteristics of
the air fuel ratio (A/F) sensor 1
are shifted, the air fuel ratio is c ontrolled to stoichiometric, by the sig-
nal from the heated oxygen sensor 2.
This sensor is made of ceramic zirconia. The zirconia generates volt-
age from approximately 1 V in richer conditions to 0 V in leaner con-
ditions.
Under normal conditions the heated ox ygen sensor 2 is not used for
engine control operation.
HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR 2 HEATER
Heated oxygen sensor 2 heater is integrated in the sensor.
The ECM performs ON/OFF control of the heated oxy gen sensor 2 heater corresponding to the engine speed,
amount of intake air and engine coolant temperature.
High Pressure Fuel PumpINFOID:0000000006217678
The high pressure fuel pump is installed at the front of the engine bank 2 side and activated by the camshaft.
ECM controls the high pressure fuel pump control sol enoid valve built into the high pressure fuel pump and
adjusts the amount of discharge by changing the suction timing of the low pressure fuel.
Operating Description
SEF327R
Engine speed Heated oxygen sensor 2 heater
Above 3,600 rpm OFF
Below 3,600 rpm after the following conditions are met.
 Engine: After warming up
 Keeping the engine speed between 3,500 and 4,000 rpm for 1 minute and at idle for 1 minute under no load ON
JSBIA0285GB
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*1: This sensor is not used to control the engine system under normal conditions.
*2: ECM determines the start signal status by the signals of engine speed and battery voltage.
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The adoption of the direct fuel injection method enables
more accurate adjustment of fuel injection quantity by
injecting atomized high-pressure fuel directly into the cylinder. This method allows high-powered engine, low
fuel consumption, and emissions-reduction.
The amount of fuel injected from the fuel injector is determined by the ECM. The ECM controls the length of
time the valve remains open (injection pulse duration). T he amount of fuel injected is a program value in the
ECM memory. The program value is preset by engi ne operating conditions. These conditions are determined
by input signals (for engine speed and intake air and fuel rail pressure) from the crankshaft position sensor,
camshaft position sensor, mass air flow sensor and the fuel rail pressure sensor.
VARIOUS FUEL INJECTION INCREASE/DECREASE COMPENSATION
In addition, the amount of fuel injected is compens ated to improve engine performance under various operat-
ing conditions as listed below.
 During warm-up
 When starting the engine
 During acceleration
 Hot-engine operation
 When selector lever position is changed from N to D
 High-load, high-speed operation

 During deceleration
 During high engine speed operation
FUEL INJECTION CONTROL
Stratified-charge Combustion
Stratified-charge combustion is a combustion method wh ich enables extremely lean combustion by injecting
fuel in the latter half of a compression process, coll ecting combustible air-fuel around the spark plug, and form-
ing fuel-free airspace around the mixture.
Right after a start with the engine cold, the catalyst warm-up is accelerated by stratified-charge combustion.
Homogeneous Combustion
Sensor Input signal to ECM ECM function Actuator
Crankshaft position sensor Engine speed*
2
Fuel injection
& mixture ratio
controlFuel injector
Camshaft position sensor Camshaft position
Mass air flow sensor Amount of intake air
Intake air temperature sensor Intake air temperature
Engine coolant temperature sensor Engine coolant temperature
Air fuel ratio (A/F) sensor 1 Density of oxygen in exhaust gas
Fuel rail pressure sensor Fuel rail pressure
Throttle position sensor Throttle position
Accelerator pedal position sensor Accelerator pedal position
TCM Gear position
Battery
Battery voltage*
2
Knock sensor Engine knocking condition
Power steering pressure sensor Power steering operation
Heated oxygen sensor 2*
1Density of oxygen in exhaust gas
ABS actuator and electric unit (control unit) VDC/TCS operation command
A/C auto amp. A/C ON signal
Combination meter Vehicle speed
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SYSTEM
Homogeneous combustion is a combustion method that fuel
is injected during intake process so that combus-
tion occurs in the entire combustion chamber , as is common with conventional methods.
As for a start except for starts with the engine cold, homogeneous combustion occurs.
MIXTURE RATIO FEEDBACK CONTROL (CLOSED LOOP CONTROL)
The mixture ratio feedback system prov ides the best air-fuel mixture ratio for driveability and emission control.
The three way catalyst (manifold) can better reduce CO , HC and NOx emissions. This system uses A/F sen-
sor 1 in the exhaust manifold to monitor whether the engine operation is rich or lean. The ECM adjusts the
injection pulse width according to the sensor voltage signal. For more information about A/F sensor 1, refer to
EC-21, "
Air Fuel Ratio (A/F) Sensor 1". This maintains the mixture ratio within the range of stoichiometric
(ideal air-fuel mixture).
This stage is referred to as the closed loop control condition.
Heated oxygen sensor 2 is located downstream of the th ree way catalyst (manifold). Even if the switching
characteristics of A/F sensor 1 shift, the air-fuel ratio is controlled to stoichiometric by the signal from heated
oxygen sensor 2.
 Open Loop Control
The open loop system condition refers to when the ECM detects any of the following conditions. Feedback
control stops in order to maintain stabilized fuel combustion.
- Deceleration and acceleration
- High-load, high-speed operation
- Malfunction of A/F sensor 1 or its circuit
- Insufficient activation of A/F sensor 1 at low engine coolant temperature
- High engine coolant temperature
- During warm-up
- After shifting from N to D
- When starting the engine
MIXTURE RATIO SELF-LEARNING CONTROL
The mixture ratio feedback control system monitors t he mixture ratio signal transmitted from A/F sensor 1.
This feedback signal is then sent to the ECM. The ECM c ontrols the basic mixture ratio as close to the theoret-
ical mixture ratio as possible. However, the basic mi xture ratio is not necessarily controlled as originally
designed. Both manufacturing differences (i.e., mass ai r flow sensor hot wire) and characteristic changes dur-
ing operation (i.e., fuel injector clogging) directly affect mixture ratio.
Accordingly, the difference between the basic and theoretical mixture ratios is monitored in this system. This is
then computed in terms of “injection pulse duration” to automatically compensate for the difference between
the two ratios.
“Fuel trim” refers to the feedback compensation value co mpared against the basic injection duration. Fuel trim
includes “short-term fuel trim” and “long-term fuel trim”.
“Short term fuel trim” is the short-term fuel compensati on used to maintain the mixture ratio at its theoretical
value. The signal from A/F sensor 1 indicates whether the mixture ratio is RICH or LEAN compared to the the-
oretical value. The signal then triggers a reduction in fuel volume if the mixture ratio is rich, and an increase in
fuel volume if it is lean.
“Long-term fuel trim” is overall fuel compensation carri ed out over time to compensate for continual deviation
of the “short-term fuel trim” from the central value. Continual deviation will occur due to individual engine differ-
ences, wear over time and changes in the usage environment.
FUEL INJECTION TIMING
Sequential Direct Injection Gasoline System
PBIB2793E
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Fuel is injected into each cylinder during each engine cycle accord-
ing to the ignition order.
STRATIFIED-CHARGE START CONTROL
The use of the stratified-charge combustion met
hod enables emissions-reduction when starting the engine
with engine coolant temperature between 5 °C (41 °F) and 40 °C (104 °F).
FUEL SHUT-OFF
Fuel to each cylinder is shut-off during deceleration, operation of the engine at excessively high speed or oper-
ation of the vehicle at excessively high speed.
FUEL PRESSURE CONTROL
FUEL PRESSURE CONTROL : System DiagramINFOID:0000000006217701
FUEL PRESSURE CONTROL : System DescriptionINFOID:0000000006217702
INPUT/OUTPUT SIGNAL CHART
JSBIA0407GB
JSBIA0315GB
Sensor Input signal to ECM ECM function Actuator
Crankshaft position sensor Engine speed
Fuel injection
& mixture ratio
controlHigh pressure fuel pump
Camshaft position sensor Camshaft position
Fuel rail pressure sensor Fuel rail pressure
Low fuel pressure sensor Low fuel pressure
Engine coolant temperature sensor Engine coolant temperature
Throttle position sensor Throttle position
Accelerator pedal position sensor Accelerator pedal position
Battery Battery voltage
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SYSTEM
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Low fuel pressure control
 The low fuel pressure pump is controlled by the f
uel pump control module (FPCM) and pumps fuel according
to a driving condition. The pumped fuel passes through t he fuel filter and is sent to the high pressure fuel
pump. FPCM controls the low pressure fuel pump, ac cording to a signal from ECM as shown in the table
below.
 Low fuel pressure is adjusted by the fuel pressure regulator.
High fuel pressure control
 The high pressure fuel pump raises the pressure of the fuel sent from the low pressure fuel pump. Actuated
by the camshaft, the high pressure fuel pump activates the high pressure fuel pump solenoid based on a sig-
nal received from ECM, and adjusts the amount of di scharge by changing the timing of closing the inlet
check valve to control fuel rail pressure.
COOLING FAN CONTROL
JSBIA0235GB
Conditions Amount of fuel flow Supplied voltage
After a laps of 1 second after ignition ON OFF 0 V
 For 1 second after turning ignition switch ON
 Engine is running under low load and low speed conditions Low Approximately 8.5 V
 Engine cranking
 Engine coolant temperature is below 10 °C (50 °F)
 Engine is running under high load and high speed conditions High
Battery voltage
(11 – 14 V)
Except the above Mid Approximately 10 V
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COOLING FAN CONTROL : System DiagramINFOID:0000000006217703
COOLING FAN CONTROL : System DescriptionINFOID:0000000006217704
INPUT/OUTPUT SIGNAL CHART
*1: The ECM determines the engine speed by the signals of crankshaft position and camshaft position.
*2: This signal is sent to ECM via the CAN communication line.
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
 Based on a signal transmitted from each sensor, ECM calc
ulates a target fan speed responsive to a driving
condition. In addition, ECM calculates a fan pulley speed according to an engine speed and transmits a cool-
ing fan request signal to IPDM E/R via the CAN comm unication line to satisfy the target fan speed. Then,
IPDM E/R transmits ON/OFF pulse duty signal to electrically-controlled cooling fan coupling.
The cooling fan speed sensor detects a cooling f an speed and transmits the detection result to ECM.
 ECM judges the start signal state from the engine speed signal and battery voltage.
ELECTRIC IGNITION SYSTEM
JSBIA0237GB
Sensor Input signal to ECM ECM function Actuator
Crankshaft position sensor Engine speed*
1
Cooling fan speed request
signal*2
IPDM E/R
↓
Electrically-controlled cooling fan
coupling
Camshaft position sensor Camshaft position
Engine coolant temperature sensor Engine coolant temperature
Refrigerant pressure sensor Refrigerant pressure
Intake air temperature sensor Intake air temperature
Battery Battery voltage
Combination meter
Vehicle speed signal*
2
BCMA/C switch signal*2
Cooling fan speed sensor Cooling fan speed
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SYSTEM
ELECTRIC IGNITION SYSTEM : System Diagram
INFOID:0000000006217705
ELECTRIC IGNITION SYSTEM : System DescriptionINFOID:0000000006217706
INPUT/OUTPUT SIGNAL CHART
*1: ECM determines the start signal status by the signals of engine speed and battery voltage.
*2: This signal is sent to the ECM via the CAN communication line.
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Ignition order: 1 - 8 - 7 - 3 - 6 - 5 - 4 - 2
The ignition timing is controlled by the ECM to maintain the best air-fuel ratio for every running condition of the
engine. The ignition timing data is stored in the ECM.
The ECM receives information such as the injection pulse width and camshaft position sensor signal. Comput-
ing this information, ignition signals are transmitted to the power transistor.
During the following conditions, the ignition timing is re vised by the ECM according to the other data stored in
the ECM.
 At starting
 During warm-up
 At idle
 At low battery voltage
 During acceleration
The knock sensor retard system is designed only for emergencies. The basic ignition timing is programmed
within the anti-knocking zone, if recommended fuel is used under dry conditions. The retard system does not
operate under normal driving conditions. If engine knocking occurs, the knock sensor monitors the condition.
The signal is transmitted to the ECM. The ECM retards the ignition timing to eliminate the knocking condition.
JPBIA3271GB
Sensor Input signal to ECM ECM function Actuator
Crankshaft position sensor Engine speed*
1
Piston position
Ignition timing
controlIgnition coil
(with power transistor)
Camshaft position sensor
Mass air flow sensor Amount of intake air
Engine coolant temperature sensor Engine coolant temperature
Throttle position sensor Throttle position
Accelerator pedal position sensor Accelerator pedal position
TCM Gear position
Battery
Battery voltage*
1
Knock sensor Engine knocking condition
Combination meterVehicle speed*
2
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INTAKE VALVE TIMING CONTROL
INTAKE VALVE TIMING CONTROL : System DiagramINFOID:0000000006217707
INTAKE VALVE TIMING CONT
ROL : System DescriptionINFOID:0000000006217708
INPUT/OUTPUT SIGNAL CHART
*: This signal is sent to the ECM via the CAN communication line.
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
This mechanism hydraulically controls cam phases c ontinuously with the fixed operating angle of the intake
valve.
The ECM receives signals such as crankshaft posit ion, camshaft position, engine speed, and engine coolant
temperature. Then, the ECM sends ON/OFF pulse duty signals to the intake valve timing control solenoid
valve depending on driving status. This makes it possible to control the shut/open timing of the intake valve to
increase engine torque in low/mid speed range and output in high speed range.
VVEL SYSTEM
JMBIA2174GB
Sensor Input signal to ECM ECM function Actuator
Crankshaft position sensor Engine speed and piston position
Intake valve timing
controlIntake valve timing control
solenoid valve
Camshaft position sensor
Engine oil temperature sensor Engine oil temperature
Engine coolant temperature sensor Engine coolant temperature
Combination meter Vehicle speed*
PBIB3276E
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SYSTEM
*1: ECM determines the start signal status by the signals of engine speed and battery voltage.
*2: This signal is sent to the ECM via the CAN communication line.
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The evaporative emission system is used to reduce hydr
ocarbons emitted into the atmosphere from the fuel
system. This reduction of hydrocarbons is accomplis hed by activated charcoals in the EVAP canister.
The fuel vapor in the sealed fuel tank is led into t he EVAP canister which contains activated carbon and the
vapor is stored there when the engine is not oper ating or when refueling to the fuel tank.
The vapor in the EVAP canister is purged by the air through the purge line to the intake manifold when the
engine is operating. EVAP canister purge volume contro l solenoid valve is controlled by ECM. When the
engine operates, the flow rate of vapor controlled by EVAP canister purge volume control solenoid valve is
proportionally regulated as the air flow increases.
EVAP canister purge volume control solenoid valve also shuts off the vapor purge line during decelerating and
idling.
AIR CONDITIONING CUT CONTROL
Sensor Input signal to ECM ECM function Actuator
Crankshaft position sensor
Camshaft position sensor  Engine speed*
1
 Piston position
EVAP canister
purge flow controlEVAP canister purge volume
control solenoid valve
Mass air flow sensor Amount of intake air
Engine coolant temperature sensor Engine coolant temperature
Battery
Battery voltage*
1
Throttle position sensor Throttle position
Accelerator pedal position sensor Accelerator pedal position
Air fuel ratio (A/F) sensor 1 Density of oxygen in exhaust gas
(Mixture ratio
feedback signal)
Fuel tank temperature sensor Fuel temperature in fuel tank
EVAP control system pressure sensor Pressure in purge line
Combination meter Vehicle speed*
2
PBIB1631E
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AIR CONDITIONING CUT CONTROL : System DiagramINFOID:0000000006217713
AIR CONDITIONING CUT CONTROL : System DescriptionINFOID:0000000006217714
INPUT/OUTPUT SIGNAL CHART
*1: This signal is sent to the ECM via the CAN communication line.
*2: ECM determines the start signal status by the signals of engine speed and battery voltage.
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
This system improves engine operation when the air conditioner is used.
Under the following conditions, the air conditioner is turned OFF.
 When the accelerator pedal is fully depressed.
 When cranking the engine.
 At high engine speeds.
 When the engine coolant temperature becomes excessively high.
 When operating power steering during low engine speed or low vehicle speed.
 When engine speed is excessively low.
 When refrigerant pressure is excessively low or high.
AUTOMATIC SPEED CONTROL DEVICE (ASCD)
JMBIA1457GB
Sensor Input signal to ECM ECM function Actuator
Crankshaft position sensor
Camshaft position sensor Engine speed*
2
Air conditioner cut
controlIPDM E/R
↓
A/C relay
↓
Compressor
Engine coolant temperature sensor Engine coolant temperature
Accelerator pedal position sensor Accelerator pedal position
Battery
Battery voltage*
2
Refrigerant pressure sensor Refrigerant pressure
Power steering pressure sensor Power steering operation
A/C auto amp.A/C ON signal*
1
A/C evaporator temperature*1
Target A/C evaporator temperature*1
Blower fan ON signal
Combination meter Vehicle speed*
1
Revision: 2010 May2011 QX56