clutch JAGUAR X308 1998 2.G Workshop Manual

General Information - Terminology Glossary

Description an
d Operation

This glossary of terms is intended to cover emissions-related (to SAE J 1930) term inology, and other abbreviations that may
be used in this manual.
The required term may be looked-up in th e left-hand column, and subsequent columns give the standard acronym, unit or
abbreviation, and definition.
Te rm
(s)
Acr
ony
m /
Unit /
Abbreviation
De fi
nition
A
Accel
e
rator Pedal
AP
Af
ter Botto
m Dead
Center
ABDCEvent occurri ng after
BDC
Af
ter Top Dead CenterATDCEvent occurri ng after
TDC
Ai
rbag /
Supplementary
Restraint System
Airbag, SRSAi rbag restraint system for
dr
iver and front seat passenger
Air Cleane rACL
Air ConditioningA/C
Air Conditioning Con t
rol
Module
A/CCMModule c
ontrolling air conditioning, heating and ventilation
Air Conditioning SignalACSA
i
r conditioning compressor clutch operation is signalled to the ECM which
induces idle speed corrections to co mpensate for engine load changes
Alternating cu
rrent
ac
Ai
r Fuel R
atio
AFRN
omi
nally 14.7 parts air to one part fuel
Ampe
reASI unit of current
Ampere hourAhA current of one ampere
fl
owing for one hour
Anti-Lock Braking SystemABSS
y
stem which prevents wheel lock-up
under braking by sensing lack of
rotation of a wheel(s) and divertin g fluid pressure away from it (them)
ABS Control Mo
dule
ABS CM
ABS /
T
raction Control
Control Module
ABS / T
C CM
Atmosph
e
re
atmU
n
it of pressure (1.01325 bar)
Au
to
matic Stability
Control
ASCA form of vehicle
control
in which the ECM reduces en gine torque to control
wheel-spin
B
Baro me
tric Absolute
Pressure Sensor
BAR OSensor measuring the pressure of surr ou
nding air at any given temperature
and altitude
Bat t
ery positive voltage
B+The posi
ti
ve voltage from a battery or
any circuit connected directly to it
Before Bottom Dead
CenterBBDCEvent occurri ng before BD
C
Before Top Dead

Center
BTD
CEvent (usual ly
ignition) occurring before TDC
Blowe
rBLRDe
vice which supplies a current of air at
moderate pressure, e.g. heater or
A/C blower
Body Processor M
odule
BPMControl modu
le
for body electrical systems, e.g. interior lamps, windshield
wash / wipe control
Bott om D
ead Center
BD
CLowest poin t of piston
travel in a reciprocating engine
Brake hors
epowe
r
bhpEffecti
ve horsepower devel
oped by an
engine or motor, as measured by a
brake applied to its output shaft
Brake Mean Effective
Pres sureBME PThat p
art of the effective
pressure developed in a cyli nder that would result in
a cylinder output equal to the bhp of the engine
Brake On/ O
ff
BOOIn
dic
ates the position of the brake pedal
Br
it
ish Standard
BSStan
dar
d specification issued by the British Standards Institution
Br
it
ish Standard
Automotive
BSAu
BusTopology of a commu n
ication network
Bypass
AirBPAMechanica l
control of throttle bypass air
C
Camshaft Posit
i
on Sensor
CMPSIndi
cat
es camshaft position
Canadian Motor
V
ehicle
CMVSS

Mem
ory
Pulse Width ModulationPW

M
A
method of control in an electronic co
ntrol system in which the duration of
pulses in a pulse train is proportional to the amplitude of the modulating
signal
R
Ran
dom Access Memory
RAMF
ast access memory store which is accessible for entry or extraction of data
Re

ad-Only Memory
RO
M
F
ast access memory in which data
is fixed and may not be changed
Re
servoir
RESContaine
r, usually for oils,
coolants or hydraulic fluids
Re
turn
RTNA
dedicated sensor ground circuit
R

evolutions Per Minute
RP
M
Shaft speed o
f a device, us
ually an engine or motor
R
ight-hand
RH
Right-hand drive veh

icle
RHD
S
Scan T

ool
STDe
vice that interfaces with and comm
unicates information on a data link
Se
at Control Module
SCMModule
controlling the seat motor systems (not electric raise/lower-only
seats)
Secon
dary Air
Air pro
vided to the exhaust system
Secon

dary Air Injection
AIRSy
stem used for a period of time each
time the engine is started, unless
certain temperature criter ia are met. Pumps air directly into the exhaust
system which generates extra heat and reduces the time taken for the
catalytic converters to reach operating temperature
Secon
dary Air Injection
Bypass
AIRBVents secon
dary air to atmosphere
Secon

dary Air Injection
Check Valve
AIRCValve wh
ich prevents back-flow of exhaust gas to the AIR system when the
system is inoperative
Secon
dary Air Injection
Diverter
AIRDD
iverts secondary air to either
the catalyst or exhaust manifold
Secon
dary Air Injection
Magnetic Clutch
AIRP
C
Clu
tch mounted on the AIRP drive shaft
Secon

dary Air Injection
Pump
AIRPMe
chanically driven rotary vane
pump, driven through the AIRPC
Secon
dary Air Injection
Relay
AIRRCont
rols the injection of air into the exhaust system
Secon

dary Air Injection
Switchin
g Va
lve
AIRSV
acuum operated valve backing-up the AIRC
Secu

rity and Locking
Control Module
SLCMModul
e controlling the vehicle's security and closure-locking functions
SensorSGeneri

c name for a device
that senses either the absolute value or a change
in a physical quantity su ch as temperature, pressure or flow rate, and
converts that change into an electrical quantity signal
Servic
e Repair Operation
(number)
SRONu
mber generated by Jaguar Methods
and Techniques system which relates
to the time allowed to complete a repair operation. Further information on the
system can be found in the separate Jaguar Publications (for each model
range) entitled 'Repair Operation Times'
Shif
t signal
SDA
shift process signal to the TCM on SC vehicles
Shif

t Solenoid
SSControls shi
fting in an automatic transmission
Si

gnal return
SIG RTN
Slidin

g Roof Control
Module
SRCM
Society of Automotive

Engineers
SAE
Speed
Control Control
Module
SCCMModule con
trolling Speed Control System
Square c

entimeter
cm
2
Stan

dard
std
Stan

dard Corporate
Protocol
SCPA
high-speed, serial communications system linking all body system control
modules. Control messages and data ar e passed between modules at up to
786 messages per second
SuperchargerSCAn in
take system which utilizes a supercharger (mechanically driven device
that pressurizes intake air, thereby in creasing density of charge air and the
consequent power output from a given displacement)
Supercharger
Bypass
SCB
SwitchSW
T

diverter val
ve (if fitted) and oil filter.
Main
bearings
which are grooved in the upper positions and plain in
the lower positions. They are manufactured from
aluminium / tin material.
A c
rankshaft with under
cuts and rolled fillets for extra strength.
Fracture
-split connecting rods in sintered-forged steel.
Brackets
bolted to the front of
the cylinder
block are used to mo unt all accessories.
A sin
gle, seven ribbed vee belt
drives the accessories.
An au
tomatic belt tensioner for the front accessory drive,
incorporating a wear indicator.
An advanced en
gine management system inco
rporating electronic throttle control.
The un
it meets the requirements of the CARB OBDII USA legislation.
Ancillary Systems
The an
ci
llary systems, driven by the engine, each have a
detailed Description and Operation along with Diagnostic
Procedures, and Removal and Installation instructions ; refer to the following sections of this manual:
Power Steeri
ng Pump - Section 211-02
Ai
r Conditioning Compressor - Sectio
n 412-03
Engine
C
ooling Pump - Section 303-03
Generator
- Sectio
n 414-02
The drive belt, idler pulley and automatic tensioner are described in Section 303-05.
The engine starting system is described in Section 303-06.
En
gine Management and Emission Control System
Engine Control Modu
le (ECM)
Engine
management and exhaust emissions are controlled by the ECM, which has the
following main functions:
Fu
el injection
Idle
s
peed
Ignition Ev

aporative loss system
Engine
cooling fans Clim
ate control compressor clutch demand
The microprocessor within the ECM receiv es signals from various sensors and other modules and uses a pre-determined
program to compute engine management functions.
Adaptive functions are incorporated in the ECM to cater for co ntinuous adjustments to its computations to suit prevailing
conditions. Because the system also controls emissions to suit all modes, neither CO levels nor idle speed require service
attention or adjustment, except if an error should occur.
On Board Diagnostics are controlled by the ECM with the continuous monitoring of incoming signals and the subsequent
verification against what the module expects to 'see'. Should a si gnal be incorrect or missing, the ECM will substitute a fixed
value to provide the 'limp home mode' and alert the driver of the problem. Fixed values may be adopted for:
Transmission oil
temperature
Mechanica
l
guar
d position
Throttle blade angle Camshaft position

Inta
k
e air temperature
Diagnostic trouble codes (DTC), including OBD II codes, are stored in the ECM memo ry and can be read by an appropriate
retrieval tool.
Should either the ECM or TCM fa il, ensure that the control housing cooling fan is operating correctly. Failure of the cooling
fan MUST be rectified before renewing a control module and details of a fa n failure should accompany a returned control
module.

E
ngine Management System Components
Electronic Throt
tle
The
electronic throttle assembly, in resp
onse to signals from both the driver and the ECM, adjusts idle speed, sets the
throttle valve to the position requested by the driver's accelerator / throttle pedal, cruise and traction control, power
limitation and catalyst warm-up.
Mass
Air Flow Meter
The sensor i
s located in the air flow mete
r assembly and outputs an analogue voltag e to the ECM. This sensor measures air
flow into the engine inlet system and is calibrated to measure kg / hour.
In
take Air Temperature
Th
e intake air temperature sensor is loca
ted in the air flow meter assembly and outputs an analogue voltage to the ECM.
The ECM will substitute a default value eq ual to 50°C should this sensor fail.
Fuel Injectors
The eigh
t bottom fed fuel injectors are located in the fuel rails. Th
e fuel injectors are electromagnetic solenoid valves
controlled by the ECM. The pulse time for the injector combined with the fuel pr essure determines the volume of fuel
injected to the manifold.
Fue
l Delivery
The fu
el pump provides fuel to the fuel rail where the circulat
ing pressure is controlled by a pressure regulator valve; excess
fuel is returned to the fuel tank.
The pressure regulator valve is controlled by manifold depression so that fuel delivery pressure is maintained at
approximately 3 bar above manifold pressure.
Fuel Pump
Relay
The ECM controls thi

s component for normal
engine running. The security system may disable this relay via communication
with the ECM.
Fuel Lev
el Sensing
The tank fuel

is measured by the fuel le
vel sensor . This signal is used by the ECM as an in put to certain diagnostics.
Eva
porative Valve
Excess vapour

formed in the fuel tank is
absorbed into the evaporative emission pu rge control canister. While the engine is
running, the fuel absorbed in the canister is gradually purged back into the engine. The rate of purging is governed by
engine operating conditions and vapour concentration level. Operating conditions which affect the purge rate are:
2—Purge
valve
3—Engine

torque reduction
4—E

lectronic throttle assembly
5—Coo

ling fans
6—Ignition amplifier driver
7—Engine overspeed
8—Cli

mate control compressor clutch
9—O

BDII information (J1962, CAN, ISO)

10—F
uel pump relay
11—Heat

ed oxygen sensor
12—Vari

able valve timing
13—MIL sw

itching



ECM Out
puts
It

em
Par
t Number
De
scription
1—Exhaus

t gas recirculation

Speed an
d load
Coo
l
ant temperature
Ti
me el
apsed from start up
Cl
osed l
oop fuelling
Determination of the vapour concentration is made by stepped opening of the EVAP valve and subsequent monitoring of the
fuelling correction. This function is performed prior to purging, so that at the onse t of purging the EVAP valve can be set to
the optimum position. Should the ECM be unable to determine the concentration before purging, a default value is
employed, which is then modified whilst purging is in progress.
When the purging process is operational th e ECM modifies the basic fuelling calculation to maintain the correct air / fuel
ratio.
Purging is inhibited during fuel cut-off and stability / traction control intervention.
Coolant Temperature Sen
sor
Th
e
sensor outputs a voltage to the ECM which decreases as temperature increases.
Cooling Fans


In response to engi
ne coolant temperat
u
re and climate control system demand, the ECM will energize the cooling fans.
Climate Control Compressor
The E
C
M will allow the compressor clutch to be engaged if th
e engine temperature and load demand are normal. Should the
driver require maximum engine powe r or the coolant temperature be high, the request will be denied.
Cranking Signal

The ECM reacts to a signal fr
om th
e Body Processor Module (BPM) when the starter motor relay is energi
zed. This signal is
used to trigger starting, fu el and ignition strategies.
Engine Speed and Cranksh
aft Position
Engine
speed and cran
k position are moni
tored by a sensor which is mounted on the cylinder block (flywheel housing)
behind the crankshaft drive plat e. It indicates rotational speed to the ECM in the form of 12 pulses per crank revolution.
Engine speed is used for synchronization of fuel an d ignition systems, as well as other functions.
Camshaft Position
The ca
mshaft position sensor is mounted at
the rear of Bank 2 cylinder head on the inlet side and provides one signal every
720 degrees of crankshaft rotation. The signal, in conjunction with the signal from the crankshaft position sensor, indicates
to the ECM that the piston of cylinder 1A is approaching TDC on the compression stroke.
Variable Valve
Timing (Where Fitted)
By energi
si
ng a solenoid to allow the pass
age of pressurized oil on each of the inle t camshaft drives, the ECM can vary by a
single stepped amount, the relati ve timing of the inlet valves.
Ign
ition
Ignit
i
on spark is produced by
individual on-plug coil units.
There are two ignition amplifiers; module #1 drives coils 1A, 2B, 3B and 4A, whilst module #2 drives coils 1B, 2A, 3A and
4B. The ECM controls the amplifiers.

P
arts List
It

em
Par
t Number
De
scription
1—PI032

VVT solenoid 2
2—PI027

KS 2
3—PI004

ECT sensor
4—PI026

KS 1
5—PI031

VVT solenoid 1
6—PI035

MAFS (on vehicle)
7—PI050

Generator
8—PI040

Oil pressure switch
9—PI018

to PI021 Bank 1 Ignition coils 1 to 4
PI022 to PI025 Bank 2 Ignition coils 1 to 4
10—PI006
Throttle valve position sensor
11—PI002 En

gine management harness (on vehicle)
12—PI001 En

gine management harness (on vehicle)
13—PI033

Throttle valve motor
14—PI034

EGR valve (where fitted)
15—PI015 CM

P sensor
16—PI042

Accelerator pedal and
mechanical guard sensors
17—PI007
to PI010 Bank 1 Injectors 1 to 4 PI011 to PI014 Bank 2 Injectors 1 to 4
18—PI037

Compressor lock
sensor (where fitted)
19—PI036
Compressor clutch
20—PI017 CK

P sensor
E
ngine Harness Connectors
Location

Automatic Transmission/Transaxle - 4.0L NA V8 - AJ27/3.2L NA V8 - AJ26
- Transmission Descriptio
n
Description an
d Operation
Transmission As

sembly
Int
roduction

Compon
ent Descriptions
The t

orque converter:
Acts as a fluid

coupling between the
engine and transmission geartrain.
P
rovides multiplication of engine torque.
Cons

ists of an impeller, turbine and stat
or, housed within a converter cover.
Has a l
ock-up clutch with variable slip control.
The transmission casing:
Houses the geartrain and elec t
ro-hydraulic control unit.
Contains

the input speed sensor which measures turbine speed.
Contai

ns the output speed sensor which measures the transmission output speed.
It
em
Par
t Number
De
scription
1—Torque c

onverter housing
2—Tran

smission casing
3—Fluid pan


4—Transmission bre

ather
5—Re

ar extension housing
6—16

-way connector
7—Gear s

elector shaft

Contains th
e hydraulic system pump.
Contains
th
e fluid temperature sensor.
The epicyclic geartrain:
Provi des fi
ve forward gears and Reverse.
Has
h
ydraulically actuated, multi-disk clutches, to select the required gear ratios.
Feature

s clutch-to-clutch operation to permit
gear shifts for uninterrupted power flow.
The electro-hydraulic control unit:
Is lo c
ated in the lower part of
the unit, within the fluid pan.
Is controlled
by the TCM (transmissio
n control module), and the manual selector valve which is cable operated.
Re
gulates the flow of fluid to the ge
artrain clutches via three solenoid-operated valv es and the manual selector
valve.
Has fi ve pressure
regulators for controll
ing fluid pressures within the system.
Is con
nected to the TCM via a 16-way connector mounted on
the left-hand side of the transmission casing. Refer to
Connector Pins Identification, Section 307-01A.
The hydraulic system pump:
Is l o
cated at the front of the transmission casing.
Is dri
v
en from the impeller hub,
pressurising the fluid whenever the engine is running.
Supplie
s fluid under pressure to the torq
ue converter, geartrain, electro-hydr aulic control unit and the lubrication
circuit.
D r
aws fluid from the fluid pa
n below the transmission casing, through a filter.
The rear extension housing:
Is bolt
ed to the rear of the transmission casing.
Provides the rear engine / transmi

ssion mo
unting point; refer to section 303-01.
Carrie
s the transmission output shaft oil seal.
Filled-for-l
i
fe Fluid System
The
transm
ission is 'filled for life' and
does not require fluid changes, except where extreme driving conditions prevail.
Routine level checking is not required and a dipstick is not pr ovided. A level / filler plug is fitted for level checking and
replenishment, following service actions; see 303-01 General Procedures.
Transmission Torque Converter

Op
eration
The T
ransmission Control Module (TCM) is
able to monitor the state of the torque converter clut ch at all times.
There are three operating modes for the converter
1. 1. Fully open - Torque converter 'unlocked'
2. 2. Fully closed - Torque converter 'locked'
3. 3. Slip control - The TCM monitors slip and may apply sufficie nt pressure to allow a small degree of slip. This mode
maximises economy by reducing slip to a minimum whilst providing isolation from drive-line shunt and vibration.
The TCM constantly measures the slip within the torque conver ter by comparing engine speed (via CAN) and input (turbine
speed). Differences in these speeds indicate the amount of slip.
Clutch Hydraulic Pressure Regulation
The T
CM supplies an internally switched +1
2V supply to the #4 pressure regulator. The regulator is operated by switching
the other side of the operating winding to ground. Hydraulic pressure is controlled by 'pulse width modulation' (PWM) of the
ground switching signal i.e. the duty cycle; the time that the pressure regulator is switched on.
Hydraulic Control
- Transmission Pre
ssure Regulators an d Shift Solenoids

Input speed is monitored by the TCM with a rationality check being made against output speed. A fault will be flagged if the
indicated input speed exceeds 7400 rpm. Additionally, a failure judgement will be made if the indicated input speed is <160
rpm with engine speed >608 rpm and output speed >224 rpm
The procedure is similar for the output sp eed diagnostic. A fault (non OBDII) will be flagged if the indicated input speed
exceeds 6712 rpm. Additionally a failure judgement will be ma de if the indicated output speed is <160 rpm and the average
road wheel speed exceeds 100 rpm.
Under normal circumstance s after the output speed diagnost ic fault code has been set, the TCM uses rear wheel speed
information to compute its calculations, this has no effect on transmission operation. However, should a second fault occur,
in the ABS system, thus making rear wheel speed information unavailable, an additional fault code will be logged.
Control Systems
Introduction
Gear selection is achieved by controlling the flow of transmission fluid to internal multi-disc clutches.
The three solenoid valves direct the transmission fluid flow to the selected clutches and the pressure regulators control the
fluid pressure to each component. One pr essure regulator serves as a master pressure control for the entire system and a
second is used exclusively for torque converter clutch lock-up operation.
The TCM controls the internal components thus determining gear selection and shift pattern.
In the event of an electronic system fault the basic function s Park, Reverse Neutral and Drive Fourth are retained by the
hydraulic system.
Transmission Control Module (TCM)

The TCM is located in the same housing as th e ECM and is accessed in the same manner.
The TCM performs several 'self check' procedur es to ensure correct operation. It is possible due to the nature of these faults
that the module will fail to communicate with other nodes. However, condemnation of the TCM should not take place until
any CAN or power supply related problems have been resolved.
There are three self check procedures for the TCM. 1. 1. Check on ROM by calculatin
g a checksum and comparing this with a known stored value.