ignition JAGUAR X308 1998 2.G Workshop Manual

            303‐07:  En gine  Ignition
 
                 Specification  
                 Diagnosis  and  Testing  
                     Engine Ignition  
                 Diagnosis  and  Testing  
                     Engine Ignition  
                 Inspection  and Verification  
                     Driver Information  Chart  
                     Default mode Definitions  
                     Diagnostic Trouble  Code  (DTC)  index  
                     Pinpoint Tests  
                 Removal and  Installation  
                     Ignition Coil ‐On ‐Plug  LH  (18.20.44)  
                     Ignition Coil ‐On ‐Plug  RH  (18.20.43)  
                     Ignition Module  (18.20.30)  
                     Spark Plugs (18.20.02)  
 
             303‐08:  En
gine  Emission  Control  
                 Specification  
                 Diagnosis  and  Testing  
                     Engine Emission  Control  
                 Inspection  and Verification  
                     Diagnostic Trouble  Code  (DTC)  Index  
                     Pinpoint Tests  
                 Removal and  Installation  
                     Exhaust Gas  Recirculation  (EGR) Valve  (17.45.01)  
                     Exhaust Manifold  to  Exhaust  Gas  Recirculation  (E
GR)  Valve  Tube  (17.45.11)  
 
             303‐12:  Intake  Air  Distribution  and  Filtering  
                 Removal and  Installation  
                     Air Cleaner  (19.10.05)  
                     Air Cleaner  Element  (19.10.08)  
                     Charge Air  Cooler  LH  (18.50.19)  
                     Charge Air  Cooler  RH  (18.50.18)  
                     Charge Air  Cooler  Gasket  LH  (18.50.22)  
                     Charge Air  Cooler  Gasket  RH  (18.50.21)  
                     Supercharger  (18.50.
15) 

Before inspecting a component for wear or per
forming a dimensional check,
ensure that it is absolutely clean; a slight smear
of grease can conceal an incipient failure. When a component is to be checked dimensionally against figures quoted for it,
use the correct equipment (surface plates, micrometers, dial gauges etc.) in serviceable condition. The use of makeshift
equipment can be dangerous. Reject a component if its dimensio ns are outside the limits quoted, or if damage is apparent.
A part may be refitted if its critical di mension is exactly to the limit size and it is otherwise satisfactory. Use Plastigauge 12
Type PG-1 for checking bearing surface clearance, e.g. big end bearing shell to crank jour nal. Instructions for the use of
Plastigauge and a scale giving bearing clearances in steps of 0.0025 mm (0.0001 in) are supplied with the package.
Safety
Precautions
• WAR
NINGS:
WORKING ON THE FUEL SYSTEM RESULTS IN FUEL AND FUEL VAPOUR BEING PRESENT IN THE ATMOSPHERE. FUEL
VAPOUR IS EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE, HENCE GREAT CARE MUST BE TAKEN WHILST WORKING ON THE FUEL SYSTEM.
ADHERE STRICTLY TO THE FOLLOWING PRECAUTIONS:
DO
NOT SMOKE IN THE WORK AREA.
DISP

LAY 'NO SMOKING' SIGNS AROUND THE AREA.
DISCONNECT TH

E BATTERY BEFORE WORKING ON THE FUEL SYSTEM.
DO NOT CONNEC

T/DISCONNECT ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
, USE ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT OR OTHER TOOLS OR
ENGAGE IN WORKING PRACTICES WHICH IN ANY WAY MAY RESULT IN THE PRODUCTION OF SPARKS.
ENS
URE THAT A CO2 FIRE EXTINGUISHER IS CLOSE AT HAND.
ENS

URE THAT DRY SAND IS AVAILABLE TO SOAK UP ANY FUEL SPILLAGE.
EMP

TY FUEL USING SUITABLE FIRE PROOF EQUIPMENT IN
TO AN AUTHORIZED EXPLOSION PROOF CONTAINER.
DO NOT EMP
TY FUEL WHILE WORKING IN A WORKSHOP OR A PIT.
ENS

URE THAT WORKING AREA IS WELL VENTILATED.
ENS

URE THAT ANY WORK ON THE FUEL SYSTEM IS ON
LY CARRIED OUT BY EXPERIENCED AND WELL QUALIFIED
MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL.
ENS
URE THAT FUME EXTRACTION EQUIPMENT IS USED WHERE APPROPRIATE.
FUME EXTRACTION EQUIPMENT MUST BE IN OPERATION WHEN SOLVENTS ARE USED E.G. TRICHLOROETHANE,
WHITE SPIRIT, SBP3, METHYLENE CHLORIDE, PERCHLORETHY LENE. DO NOT SMOKE IN THE VICINITY OF VOLATILE
DEGREASING AGENTS.
General workshop practices:
Disc
onnect the grounded termin
al of the vehicle battery.
D
o not apply heat in an attempt to free seized nuts or fitt
ings; as well as causing damage to protective coatings,
there is a risk of damage from stray heat to electronic equipment and brake lines.
Keep oils and solven
ts away from naked flames and other sour
ces of ignition.
Adhere str
ictly to handling and safety inst
ructions given on containers and labels.
E
nsure that a suitab
le form of fire extinguisher is conveniently located.
Wh
en using electrical tools and equipment, inspect the power
lead for damage and check that it is properly earthed.
D
o not leave tools, equipment, spilt oil etc. around the work area.
Working beneath a vehicle:
Wh
enever possible, use a ramp or
pit in preference to jacking.
Posit
ion chocks at the wheels as we
ll as applying the parking brake.
N
ever rely on a jack alone to support a
vehicle; use axle stands, or blocks care fully placed at the jacking points, to
provide a rigid location.
Ch
eck that any lifting equipment used has adeq
uate capacity and is fully serviceable.
Working on air conditioning systems:
D
o not disconnect any pipes of the refrigeration system
unless you are trained and instructed to do so; a refrigerant
is used which can cause blindness if allowed to come into contact with the eyes.
Health Protection

P

rolonged and repeated contact with mineral oil will result in the removal of natural oils from the skin, leading to dryness,


In
spection

General Information - Terminology Glossary

Description an
d Operation

This glossary of terms is intended to cover emissions-related (to SAE J 1930) term inology, and other abbreviations that may
be used in this manual.
The required term may be looked-up in th e left-hand column, and subsequent columns give the standard acronym, unit or
abbreviation, and definition.
Te rm
(s)
Acr
ony
m /
Unit /
Abbreviation
De fi
nition
A
Accel
e
rator Pedal
AP
Af
ter Botto
m Dead
Center
ABDCEvent occurri ng after
BDC
Af
ter Top Dead CenterATDCEvent occurri ng after
TDC
Ai
rbag /
Supplementary
Restraint System
Airbag, SRSAi rbag restraint system for
dr
iver and front seat passenger
Air Cleane rACL
Air ConditioningA/C
Air Conditioning Con t
rol
Module
A/CCMModule c
ontrolling air conditioning, heating and ventilation
Air Conditioning SignalACSA
i
r conditioning compressor clutch operation is signalled to the ECM which
induces idle speed corrections to co mpensate for engine load changes
Alternating cu
rrent
ac
Ai
r Fuel R
atio
AFRN
omi
nally 14.7 parts air to one part fuel
Ampe
reASI unit of current
Ampere hourAhA current of one ampere
fl
owing for one hour
Anti-Lock Braking SystemABSS
y
stem which prevents wheel lock-up
under braking by sensing lack of
rotation of a wheel(s) and divertin g fluid pressure away from it (them)
ABS Control Mo
dule
ABS CM
ABS /
T
raction Control
Control Module
ABS / T
C CM
Atmosph
e
re
atmU
n
it of pressure (1.01325 bar)
Au
to
matic Stability
Control
ASCA form of vehicle
control
in which the ECM reduces en gine torque to control
wheel-spin
B
Baro me
tric Absolute
Pressure Sensor
BAR OSensor measuring the pressure of surr ou
nding air at any given temperature
and altitude
Bat t
ery positive voltage
B+The posi
ti
ve voltage from a battery or
any circuit connected directly to it
Before Bottom Dead
CenterBBDCEvent occurri ng before BD
C
Before Top Dead

Center
BTD
CEvent (usual ly
ignition) occurring before TDC
Blowe
rBLRDe
vice which supplies a current of air at
moderate pressure, e.g. heater or
A/C blower
Body Processor M
odule
BPMControl modu
le
for body electrical systems, e.g. interior lamps, windshield
wash / wipe control
Bott om D
ead Center
BD
CLowest poin t of piston
travel in a reciprocating engine
Brake hors
epowe
r
bhpEffecti
ve horsepower devel
oped by an
engine or motor, as measured by a
brake applied to its output shaft
Brake Mean Effective
Pres sureBME PThat p
art of the effective
pressure developed in a cyli nder that would result in
a cylinder output equal to the bhp of the engine
Brake On/ O
ff
BOOIn
dic
ates the position of the brake pedal
Br
it
ish Standard
BSStan
dar
d specification issued by the British Standards Institution
Br
it
ish Standard
Automotive
BSAu
BusTopology of a commu n
ication network
Bypass
AirBPAMechanica l
control of throttle bypass air
C
Camshaft Posit
i
on Sensor
CMPSIndi
cat
es camshaft position
Canadian Motor
V
ehicle
CMVSS

High
tension (electrical)
ht
Hourh
Hydro

carbon
HC
I
Idl

e Air Control
IACEl
ectrical control of throttle bypass air
Idl

e Air Control Valve
IACVStepper motor dri
ven device which vari
es the volume of air by-passing the
throttle to maintain the programmed idle speed
Ignitionign
Ignition am
plifier
IAD
evice which amplifies the i
gniti
on system output
Ignition groundIGN GND
In

ertia Fuel Shut-off
IFSAn
inertia system that shuts off the fuel supply when activated by pre-
determined force limits brough t about by (e.g.) collision
In
ertia Fuel Shut-off
Switch
IFSSShut
s down fuel and ignition systems in the event of a vehicle impact
Inta

ke air
Air drawn t
hrough a cleaner and distri
buted to each cylinder for use in
combustion
InputI/PAn
electrical input signal to a controlling device
Inta

ke Air Temperature
IATTem
perature of intake air
Inta

ke Air Temperature
Sensor
IATSDe
vice used to measure IAT
Inta

ke Air Temperature
Sensor Ignition
IATSITherm
istor which signals the ECM to retard
the ignition timing in response to
high inlet air temperatures
Inta
ke Air Temperature
Sensor Injection
IATSFTher
mistor which inputs air density information to the ECM
Internal diameteri.

dia
Inte

rnational Standards
Organization
ISO
K
Kilogramme (mass)kg
Kilogram
me (force)
kg
f
Ki

logramme force per
square centimeter
kg
f/cm2
Kilom

eter
km
Ki

lometer per hour
km
/h
Kilopasc

al
kP
a
KilovoltkV
Knock

Sensor
KSSens
or which detects the onset of detonation, and signals the ECM to retard
the ignition
L
Le
ft-hand
LH
Left-hand drive veh

icle
LHD
Le

ft-hand thread
LH Thd
Ligh

t Emitting Diode
LEDLigh
t-emitting semiconductor diode used
in alphanumeric displays and as an
indicator lamp
Liqu
id Crystal Display
LCDOp
tical digital display system, applied voltage to which varies the way the
crystals reflect light, thereby modifying the display
LiterL
Low ten
sion
ltPrim
ary circuit of the ignition system, linking the battery to the primary
winding in the ignition coil
M
Malfu
nction Indicator
Lamp
MILA
required on-board indicator to aler
t the driver of an emission related
malfunction
Mani
fold Absolute
Pressure
MAPAbsolute pressure o
f the intake manifold air
Mani

fold Absolute
Pressure Sensor
MAPSSensor loca
ted in the ECM and
ported to the intake manifold
Manifol
d Surface
Temperature
MST
Mass Ai
r Flow
MAFSy
stem which provides inform
ation on the mass flow rate of the intake air to
the engine
Mass Ai
r Flow Sensor
MAFSHot-wi
re sensor which monitors air flow
into the intake manifold for fueling
and ignition control
Maxim
um
max.

Jacking and Lifting - Vehicle Recovery
Description an
d Operation
• NOTE: Prior to recovery, ensure that the vehicle keys are available and the security system disarmed.
Vehicle recovery methods are:
By fl
at-bed transporter.
By rear suspended tow.


By emergency to

wing for
very short distances.
Gears
hift Interlock
The
gear selector lever can only be moved
from the Park position by turning the igni tion key to position II and depressing
the brake pedal.
To remove the key from the ignition switch, the gear select or lever must be moved to the Park position. With the key
removed, the gear selector is locked in the Park position.
The selector lever can be manually unlocked from the Park position in the event of electrical failure or when moving the
vehicle without power. Refer to the general procedure in this section.
Transporter or Trailer Recovery

When the vehicle is being recove red by transporter or trailer:
The parking brake must be
be applied and the wheels chocked.
The

gear selector lever must be in Ne
utral. Do not select Park as the park ing lock mechanism may be damaged by
the forward and backward rocking motion of the vehicle.
The ve
hicle must be securely tied down to the transporter or
trailer. There are four tie-down brackets on the vehicle
underbody. Do not use the vehicle towing points or crossbeam tie bar.

Wh en t
he vehicle is being reco
vered by rear suspended tow:
The ignition key must be remo ved from the ig
nition switch to lock the stee
ring with the front wheels facing straight
ahead.
The re ar
wheels must be
correctly positioned in the lifting cradle and securely tied down.
Em
ergency Towing
WARNING: IF THE

ENGINE IS NOT
RUNNING, THE STEERING WILL BECOME HEAVY AND THE FORCE NECESSARY TO
EFFECTIVELY APPLY THE BRAKES WILL BE GREATLY INCREASED.
• CAUTIONS:
A vehicle with a defective transmission must be towed by rear suspended tow.
The vehicle towing point is not suit able for use with a solid tow-bar.
Do not use the crossbeam tie bar as a towing location.
When the vehicle is being towed on its own wheels:
Loc a
l regulations for the towing of ve
hicles must be followed. In some co untries the registration number of the
towing vehicle and an 'On Tow' sign or warning triangle must be displayed at the rear of the towed vehicle.
The gear s
elector lever
must be in Neutral.
The
ignition switch must be in positi
on II to release the steering lock and make the direction indicators, horn and
stop lamps operate.
A di
stance of 0.8 km (0.5 mi
le) must not be exceeded.
A spe
ed of 48 km/h (30 mph) must not be exceeded.
The tow rope must be attached using th
e towi
ng location provided; refer to Front Towing Point in this section.

Rear Su
spended
Tow

R
equire no adjustment and are non-serviceable items.
Accelerometers


The three accelerometers:
Sense veh
icle body movement.
Gen

erate an analogue voltag
e (maximum +5 volts) proportional to body movement.
Pr
ovide inputs to the adapti
ve damping control module.
The two vertical acce lerometers are mounted on the bulkhead and in the trunk.
The lateral accelerometer is mounted in the ECM housing.
Ada
ptive Damping Control Module (ADCM)

The ADCM
:
Is

mounted on the fascia support bracket.
Controls the four adaptiv

e dampers in re
sponse to analogue and digital inputs.
It
em
De
scription
1Battery su

pply
2Ignition su

pply
3Ground
4Input from verti

cal accelerometer, front
5Input from verti

cal accelerometer, rear
6Input from later

al accelerometer
7F

ootbrake operation signal
8Vehi

cle speed input
9D

amper control signals
10Ou

tput to message center
11D

iagnostic connector serial link

Is hard-wi
red to the instrume
nt cluster message center.
Is hard
-wired to the J1962 diagnostic connector.
Op
era
tion
Th
e
system selects the soft or
firm damper setting according to the current ro ad and driving conditions, to optimise vehicle
ride and handling.
With the vehicle stationary, the dampers are in the firm setting, but will normally switch to the soft setting when the vehicle
exceeds 8 km/h (5 mile/h); all dampers are switched simultaneously.
Sudden movement of the vehicle body, in response to road inputs, is detected by the vertical accelerometers, and the ADCM
switches the dampers to the firm setting to give improved damping of the resultant oscillations.
When cornering forces are detected by th e lateral accelerometer, the ADCM switches the dampers to the firm setting to
reduce the roll rate an d improve wheel control.
After the event has passed, the dampers revert to the soft setting.
When the footbrake is applied, the ADCM re ceives a signal and calculates the rate of vehicle deceleration. If the deceleration
rate is greater than a certain threshold, the dampers are switched to the firm setting to reduce the pitch rate and improve
wheel control.
If a system failure occurs, the ADCM grounds the output line to the instrument cluster message center, which displays a
text warning SUSPENSION FAULT and illuminates the amber warning lamp. Under fault conditions the system always fails to
the firm setting, so that the vehicle will be safe to drive un der all road and driving conditions.
Connector Pin Identity Chart for EM068

Pin
Number
Ci
rcui
t
Circuit Functi
on
1System erro
r output to instrument
cluster
2Not
used
3O/
P a
ccelerometer ground
4 to

9
Not
used
10K-
li
ne to diagnostic socket
11Ignition su
pply +12V
12Not
used
13Control signal (+ve) output
to l
eft-hand rear damper
14Control signal (+ve) output
to right-hand front damp
er
15Control signal (+ve) output
to right-hand rear
damper
16
a
nd 17
No
t
used
18Ground
19No
t
used
20Lateral
accelerometer i
nput
21Front vertical ac
celerometer in
put
22Rear vertical
acce
lerometer input
23No
t
used
24R
o
ad speed input from
instrument cluster
25Power output +5V to suppl y accelerometers
26Brake peda
l input

It is a reciprocating two
-circuit pu
mp in which one brake circuit is as signed to each pump circuit.
It supplies th
e fluid pressure and vo
lume to supply the brake circuits under ABS and Traction control.
The pump is driven by an electri
c motor, with the pump
housing incorporating two lo w pressure accumulators and
damping chambers for each brake circuit.
The ac cu
mulator stores the pressure and smooths out the output pu
lses from the pump.
ABS Warning Lamp
The sys
tem will be set in a fail-safe mode if a problem is de
tected; a warning lamp on the instrument panel will notify the
driver there is a problem.
Anti-Lock Braking Sy
stem (ABS)
The AB
S components are combined with
an hydraulic booster and a tandem master cylinder to provide a two circuit braking
system. The system comprises, four wheel speed sensor s, a brake control modulator and an ABS warning lamp.
Should a wheel start to lock-up during braking a signal tr ansmitted from the wheel speed sensor to the brake control
modulator will start the hydraulic pump. The brake control modula tor will close the input valve of the line connected to the
locked-wheel to stop any increase in fluid pressure to the br ake caliper. If this fails to prevent the wheel locking, the
pressure in the caliper will be decreased by opening the return valve until th e wheel starts accelerating again. The fluid
pressure from the return va lve is directed into the low pressure accumulator, housed in the pump.
From the low pressure accumulator, fl uid is pumped through the damping cham ber to the brake master cylinder. The
pressure to the brake caliper will then be increased in small steps to maintain maximum adhesion between the tire and road
surface. This is achieved by closing the return valve, and opening the input valve and using the hydraulic pump to increase
the pressure.
Although the system senses all four wheels independently, the rear wheels are regulated as a pair. If a sensor on a rear
wheel detects a wheel decelerating rapidly, then the fluid pressure to both wheels is reduced. The fluid pressure is then
dictated by the wheel having the lowe st adhesion with the road surface.
The ABS system will be set in a fail-safe mode if a problem is detected; a warn ing lamp on the instrument panel will notify
the driver there is a problem. The brake system will still operate conventionally and with the same standard of performance
as a vehicle not equipped with ABS.
Automa tic Stability Control (ASC)

Th
e ASC utilizes the ABS sensing arrangement to provide the maximum traction force to propel the vehicle.
The ASC is switched on when the engine is started. The system can be switched off by pressing the 'ASC OFF' (the switched
is marked 'TRAC OFF' on vehicles fitted with traction control). The switch, which is situated in the center console switchpack,
lights up to warn that the system is sw itched off. An 'ASC' amber warning light flashes on the instrument panel when the
system detects a spinning wheel.
The ASC system uses engine intervention to reduce the torque delivered to the drive wheels to prevent them spinning.
Engine torque is re duced in three ways:
The
throttle is moved towards the closed position.
The ignition is retarded. F
u
el is cut-off at the cylinder injectors.
Wheel spin is detected by the wheel sp eed sensors and communicated to the AB S/TCCM. The ABS/TCCM uses information
from the controller area network (CAN) to calculate the torque that the engine should produce to stop the wheel spinning.
Torque reductions are then requested from the engine control module (ECM ) through the CAN. The throttle is then
positioned to provide the target torque, which has been calculated to prevent wheel spin. During the transient phase of
torque reduction the fuel is cut-off and th e ignition retarded Both the fuel cut-off an d ignition retard will be restored to
normal when the throttle is set to its new position.
The ASC uses a brake control modulator with six solenoid va lves: three normally open inlet valves and three normally

Pinpoint tests

W
S
S circuit: short
circuit to power
WSS f
ailure
C1
175Left -hand re
ar wheel speed
sensor (WSS) circuit failure
W S
S circuit: open
circuit
WS
S circuit: short
circuit to ground
W S
S circuit: short
circuit to power
WSS f
ailure
F
or l
eft-hand rear WSS test
s. GO to Pinpoint Test E.
C1267Modulat or valv
e failure
Supply volt
ages
to valve
solenoids or sensors out of range
Fo
r power and ground tests. GO to Pinpoint Test
A.
B1342CAN co
mmunication circuit
failure
CAN :
open circuit fault

CAN:
short circuit to
ground
CAN :
short circuit to
power
Fo
r CAN tests. GO to Pinpoint Test
F.
B1676Supply volt
age out of range
Supply voltage:
too
low
Supply volt age:
too
high
Check fo
r DTCs indicating a charging system fault.
Rectify as necesssary.
PI
NPOINT TEST A : MODULE
POWER AND GROUND SUPPLIES
TES
T
CONDITIONS
D E
TAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS
A
1
: CHECK THE POWER SUPPLY FUSES
Make sure the igniti
on is turned off. 1
Chec
k fuses 04, 16 and 18 of the engine compartment junction box.
2
Are th
e fus
es in good condition?
Yes GO to A2
.
No
Install a new f
use as
necessary. Check the syst em for normal operation. If the fuse fails again,
check the circuit for a short circuit to ground. Refer to the electrical guides.
A2: CHECK THE PERMANENT
POWER SUPPLY (1) TO THE MODULE
Disc

onnect the ABS module connector, LF27.
1
Measure the voltage between LF
2
7, pin 09 (NR) and ground.
2
Is the vol
t
age greater than 10 volts?
Yes GO to A3
.
No Re
pair the circuit between the engine compartment
junction box, fuse 16, and LF27 pin 09. Refer to
the electrical guides. Clear the DTC, check for normal operation.
A3: CHECK THE PERMANENT
POWER SUPPLY (2) TO THE MODULE
Meas
ure t
he voltage between LF27, pin 25 (NW) and ground.
1
Is the vol
t
age greater than 10 volts?
Yes GO to A4
.
No
Re
pair the circuit between the engine compartment ju
nction box, fuse 18, and LF27 pin 25. Refer to
the electrical guides. Clear the DTC, check for normal operation.
A4: CHECK
THE IGNITION POWER SUPPLY TO THE MODULE
Make sure the ignition is on. 1
Measure the
voltage between LF 2
7, pin 20 (WU) and ground.
2
Is the vol
t
age greater than 10 volts?
Yes GO to A5
.
No Re
pair the circuit between the engine compartment ju
nction box, fuse 04, and LF27 pin 20. Refer to
the electrical guides. Clear the DTC, check for normal operation.
A5: CHECK
THE GROUND SUPPLY TO THE MODULE