LAND ROVER FREELANDER 2001 Service Manual

GENERAL INFORMATION
03-10
Joints and joint faces
General
Fit joints dry unless specified otherwise.
lAlways use the correct gaskets as specified.
lWhen joining compound is used, apply in a thin
uniform film to metal surfaces; take care to
prevent joining compound from entering
oilways, pipes or blind tapped holes.
lIf gaskets and/or joining compound is
recommended for use; remove all traces of old
joining material prior to reassembly. Do not use
a tool which will damage the joint faces and
smooth out any scratches or burrs using an oil
stone. Do not allow dirt or joining material to
enter any tapped holes or enclosed parts.
lPrior to reassembly, blow through any pipes,
channels or crevices with compressed air.
Locking devices
General
Always replace locking devices with one of the same
design.
Tab Washers
Always release locking tabs and fit new locking
washers, do not re-use locking tabs. Ensure the new
tab washer is the same design as that replaced.
Locking Nuts
Always use a backing spanner when loosening or
tightening locking nuts, brake and fuel pipe unions.
Roll Pins
Always fit new roll pins of an interference fit in the
hole.
Circlips
Always fit new circlips of the correct size for the
groove.
Locking wire
Always fit locking wire of the correct type. Arrange
wire so that its tension tends to tighten the bolt heads
or nuts to which it is fitted.
Keys and Keyways
Remove burrs from edges of keyways with a fine file
and clean thoroughly before attempting to refit key.
Clean and inspect key closely; keys are suitable for
refitting only if indistinguishable from new, as any
indentation may indicate the onset of wear.

GENERAL INFORMATION
03-11
Split pins
Always fit new split-pins of the correct size for the
hole in the bolt or stud.
Screw threads
General
Metric threads to ISO standards are used.
Damaged nuts, bolts and screws must always be
discarded. Cleaning damaged threads with a die or
tap impairs the strength and closeness of fit of the
threads and is not recommended.
Always ensure that replacement bolts are at least
equal in strength to those replaced.
Castellated nuts must not be slackened to accept a
split-pin, except in recommended cases when this
forms part of an adjustment.
Do not allow oil or grease to enter blind threaded
holes. The hydraulic action on screwing in the bolt or
stud could split the housing.
Always tighten a nut or bolt to the recommended
torque figure. Damaged or corroded threads can
affect the torque reading.
To check or re-tighten a bolt or screw to a specified
torque figure, first loosen a quarter of a turn, then
retighten to the correct torque figure.
Oil thread lightly before tightening to ensure a free
running thread, except in the case of threads treated
with sealant/lubricant, and self-locking nuts.

GENERAL INFORMATION
03-12
Bolt identification
Bolt identification
An ISO metric bolt or screw made of steel and larger
than 6 mm in diameter can be identified by either the
symbols ISO M or M embossed or indented on top of
the bolt head.
In addition to marks identifying the manufacturer, the
top of the bolt head is also marked with symbols
indicating the strength grade, e.g. 8.8; 10.9; 12.9;
14.9. As an alternative, some bolts and screws have
the M and strength grade symbol stamped on the
flats of the hexagon.Encapsulated bolts and screws
Encapsulated bolts and screws have a micro-
encapsulated locking agent pre-applied to the
thread. They are identified by a coloured section
which extends 360° around the thread. The locking
agent is released and activated by the assembly
process and is then chemically cured to provide the
locking action.
Unless a specific repair procedure states otherwise,
encapsulated bolts may be re-used providing the
threads are undamaged and the following procedure
is adopted:
lRemove loose adhesive from the bolt and
housing threads.
lEnsure threads are clean and free of oil and
grease.
lApply an approved locking agent.
An encapsulated bolt may be replaced with a bolt of
equivalent specification provided it is treated with an
approved locking agent.

GENERAL INFORMATION
03-13
Self-locking bolts and screws
Self-locking bolts and screws, i.e. nylon patched or
trilobular thread can be re-used providing resistance
can be felt when the locking portion enters the
female thread.
Nylon patched bolts and screws have a locking agent
pre-applied to the threads. They are identified by the
presence of a coloured section of thread which
extends for up to 180° around the thread.
Trilobular bolts (i.e. Powerlok) have a special thread
form which creates a slight interference in the
tapped hole or threads of the nut into which it is
screwed.
DO NOT re-use self-locking fasteners in critical
locations (e.g. engine bearings, flywheel). Always
use the correct replacement self-locking nut, bolt or
screw.
DO NOT fit non self-locking fasteners in applications
where a self-locking nut, bolt or screw is specified.
Nut identification
Nut identification
A nut with an ISO metric thread is marked on one
face or on one of the flats of the hexagon with the
strength grade symbol 8, 12, or 14. Some nuts with a
strength grade 4, 5 or 6 are also marked and some
have the metric symbol M on the flat opposite the
strength grade marking.
A clock face system is sometimes used as an
alternative method of indicating the strength grade.
The external chamfers or a face of the nut is marked
in a position relative to the appropriate hour mark on
a clock face to indicate the strength grade.
A dot is used to locate the 12 o'clock position and a
dash to indicate the strength grade. If the grade is
above 12, two dots identify the 12 o'clock position.
When tightening a slotted or castellated nut, never
loosen it to insert a split pin except where
recommended as part of an adjustment. If difficulty is
experienced, alternative washers or nuts should be
selected, or the washer thickness reduced.
Where bearing pre-load is involved, nuts should be
tightened in accordance with special instructions.

GENERAL INFORMATION
03-14
Self-locking nuts
Self-locking nuts, i.e. nylon insert or deferred thread
nuts can be re-used providing resistance can be felt
when the locking portion of the nut passes over the
thread of the bolt or stud.
DO NOT apply heat in an attempt to free deferred
thread nuts or fittings; as well as causing damage to
protective coatings, there is a risk of damage to
electronic equipment and brake linings from stray
heat.
Where self-locking nuts have been removed, it is
advisable to replace them with new ones of the same
type.
Where bearing pre-load is involved, nuts should be
tightened in accordance with special instructions.
Flexible pipes and hoses
General
When removing and installing flexible hydraulic pipes
and hoses, ensure that the following practices are
observed to ensure component serviceability:
lBefore removing any brake or power steering
hose, clean end fittings and area surrounding
them as thoroughly as possible.
lObtain appropriate plugs or caps before
detaching hose end fittings, so that the ports
can be immediately covered to prevent the
ingress of dirt.
lClean hose externally and blow through with
airline. Examine carefully for cracks, separation
of plies, security of end fittings and external
damage. Reject any faulty hoses.
lWhen refitting a hose, ensure that no
unnecessary bends are introduced, and that
hose is not twisted before or during tightening of
union nuts.
lFit a cap to seal a hydraulic union and a plug to
its socket after removal to prevent ingress of
dirt.
lAbsolute cleanliness must be observed with
hydraulic components at all times.
lAfter any work on hydraulic systems, carefully
inspect for leaks underneath the vehicle while a
second operator applies maximum brake
pressure to the brakes (engine running) and
operates the steering.
Do not disconnect any pipes in an air
conditioning refrigeration system unless trained
and instructed to do so. A refrigerant is used
which can cause blindness if allowed to contact
eyes.

GENERAL INFORMATION
03-15
Fuel System Hoses
All fuel hoses are made up of two laminations, an
armoured rubber outer sleeve and an inner viton
core. If any of the fuel system hoses have been
disconnected, it is imperative that the internal bore is
inspected to ensure that the viton lining has not
become separated from the armoured outer sleeve.
A new hose must be fitted if separation is evident.
Cooling system hoses
The following precautions MUST be followed to
ensure that integrity of cooling hoses and their
connections to system components are maintained.
Hose orientation and connection
Correct orientation of cooling hoses is important in
ensuring that the hose does not become fatigued or
damaged through contact with adjacent
components.
Where 'timing' marks (2) are provided on the hose
and corresponding connection, these must be used
to ensure correct orientation.Hoses must be pushed fully onto their connection
points. Usually, a moulded form (3) on the stub pipe
provides a positive indicator.
Hose clips
Markings (4) are usually provided on the hose to
indicate the correct clip position. If no markings are
provided, position the clip directly behind the
retaining lip at the end of the stub as shown.
Worm drive clips should be oriented with the crimped
side of the drive housing (5) facing towards the end
of the hose, or the hose may become pinched
between the clip and the stub pipe retaining lip.
Worm drive clips should be tightened to 3 Nm (2
lbf.ft) unless otherwise stated.
Ensure that hose clips do not foul adjacent
components.

GENERAL INFORMATION
03-16
'Oetiker' clips may be removed by bending the tag
(arrowed) and releasing the free end of the clip. Clips
must not be re-used. When fitting new clips, ensure
the clip is correctly positioned on the hose before
tightening and that when the clip is tightened, the tag
is located in the longitudinal slot in the free end of the
clip (arrowed in illustration).
Heat protection
Always ensure that heatshields and protective
sheathing are in good condition. Replace if damage
is evident.
Particular care must be taken when routing hoses
close to hot engine components, such as the exhaust
manifold and the Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
pipe.
Hoses will relax and deflect slightly when hot; ensure
this movement is taken into account when routing
and securing hoses.
Service tools
General
Special service tools have been developed to
facilitate removal, dismantling and assembly of
mechanical components in a cost effective and time
efficient manner. The use of such special tools also
helps prevent the potential for damage to
components.
Some operations described in this Manual cannot be
carried out properly without the aid of the relevant
service tools.
All orders and enquiries from the United Kingdom
and European countries except Germany, Austria,
Switzerland and Spain and countries not in the
following list should be sent direct to:
SPX UK Ltd.,
Genoa House,
Everdon Park,
Daventry,
Northants,
NN11 5YJ
England
( 00 44 (0) 132 7303467/303455
) 00 44 (0) 1327 706632
e-mail: [email protected]
Overseas orders for the following countries should
be placed with the local SPX distributor.
Germany, Austria and Switzerland
SPX Europe GMBH,
Porschestrasse 4,
63512 Hainburg,
Germany
( 0049 61829590
) 0049 6182959299
Spain
SPX Iberica SA,
C/Francisco Aritio
158 nave 72 (Nudo Oeste),
19004 Guadalajara,
Spain
( 0034 949208381
) 0034 949208327
North America

GENERAL INFORMATION
03-17
SPX Corporation,
665, Eisenhower Drive,
Owatonna,
MN 55060,
USA
( 0018 772979110
) 0018 005787375
Australia
SPX Australia,
28, Clayton Road,
Notting Hill,
Victoria 3168,
Australia
( 00 (61) 00395446222
) 00 (61) 0395445222
e-mail: [email protected]
Japan and East Asia
Jatek Ltd.,
5 - 53, Minawacho 2-chome,
Kohoku-ku,
Yokohama,
Kanagawa 223-0051,
Japan
( 0081 455627700
) 0081 455627800
Rolling road testing
General
IMPORTANT: Use a four wheel rolling road for
brake testing if possible.
The front and rear wheels cannot be driven
independently due to the viscous coupling. This
eliminates the need for differential lock by
progressively applying more torque to the rear
wheels if the front wheels start to slip.
DO NOT attempt to drive individual wheels with
vehicle supported on floor jacks or stands.
Four wheel rolling road
Provided that front and rear rollers are rotating at
identical speeds and that normal workshop safety
standards are applied, there is no speed restriction
during testing, except any that may apply to the tyres.
Before testing a vehicle with anti-lock brakes on a
four wheel rolling road, disconnect the ABS
modulator. The ABS function will not work, the ABS
warning light will illuminate. Normal braking will be
available.
Two wheel rolling road
ABS will not function on a two wheel rolling road. The
ABS light will illuminate during testing. Normal
braking will be available.
If brake testing on a two wheel rolling road is
necessary, the following precautions should be
taken:
lpropeller shaft to the rear axle is removed/
disconnected;
lneutral selected in gearbox;
lhill descent control not selected.
When checking brakes, run engine at idle speed to
maintain servo vacuum.

GENERAL INFORMATION
03-18
Fuel handling precautions
Fuel vapour is highly inflammable and in confined
spaces is also explosive and toxic. The vapour is
heavier than air and will always fall to the lowest
level. The vapour can easily be distributed
throughout a workshop by air currents;
consequently, even a small spillage of fuel is
potentially very dangerous.
The following information provides basic precautions
which must be observed if petrol (gasoline) is to be
handled safely. It also outlines other areas of risk
which must not be ignored. This information is issued
for basic guidance only, if in doubt consult your local
Fire Officer.
General
Always have a fire extinguisher containing FOAM,
CO
2, GAS or POWDER close at hand when handling
or draining fuel or when dismantling fuel systems.
Fire extinguishers should also be located in areas
where fuel containers are stored.
Always disconnect the vehicle battery before
carrying out dismantling or draining work on a fuel
system.
Whenever fuel is being handled, drained or stored, or
when fuel systems are being dismantled, all forms of
ignition must be extinguished or removed; any
leadlamps must be flameproof and kept clear of
spillage.
WARNING: No one should be permitted to repair
components associated with fuel without first
having specialist training.
WARNING: Do not remove fuel system
components while the vehicle is over a pit.Fuel tank draining
Fuel tank draining should be carried out in
accordance with the procedure outlined in the FUEL
DELIVERY section of this manual and observing the
following precautions:
WARNING: Fuel must not be extracted or drained
from any vehicle while it is over a pit. Extraction
or draining of fuel must be carried out in a well
ventilated area.
The capacity of containers must be more than
adequate for the amount of fuel to be extracted or
drained. The container should be clearly marked
with its contents and placed in a safe storage
area which meets the requirements of local
authority regulations.
WARNING: When fuel has been drained from a
fuel tank the precautions governing naked lights
and ignition sources should be maintained.
Fuel tank removal
When the fuel line is secured to the fuel tank outlet by
a spring steel clip, the clip must be released before
the fuel line is disconnected or the fuel tank is
removed. This procedure will avoid the possibility of
residual petrol fumes in the fuel tank being ignited
when the clip is released.
As an added precaution, fuel tanks should have a
'FUEL VAPOUR' warning label attached to them as
soon as they are removed from the vehicle.
Fuel tank repairs
No attempt should be made to repair a plastic fuel
tank. If the structure of the tank is damaged, a new
tank must be fitted.
Body repairs
Plastic fuel pipes are particularly susceptible to heat,
even at relatively low temperature, and can be
melted by heat conducted from some distance away.
When body repairs involve the use of heat, all fuel
pipes which run in the vicinity of the repair area must
be removed, and the tank outlet plugged.

GENERAL INFORMATION
03-19
Electrical precautions
General
The following guidelines are intended to ensure the
safety of the operator and ensure the prevention of
damage to the electrical and electronic components
fitted to the vehicle. Where necessary, specific
precautions are detailed in the individual procedures
of this manual.
Equipment
Prior to commencing any test procedure on the
vehicle, ensure that the relevant test equipment is
working correctly and any harness or connectors are
in good condition. It is particularly important to check
the condition of the lead and plugs of mains operated
equipment.
Polarity
Never reverse connect the vehicle battery and
always ensure the correct polarity when connecting
test equipment.
High Voltage Circuits
Whenever disconnecting live ht circuits, always use
insulated pliers and never allow the open end of the
ht lead to contact other components, particularly
ECU's.
Exercise caution when measuring the voltage on the
coil terminals while the engine is running, high
voltage spikes can occur on these terminals.
Connectors and harnesses
The engine compartment of a vehicle is a particularly
hostile environment for electrical components and
connectors:
lAlways ensure electrically related items are dry
and oil free before disconnecting and
connecting test equipment.
lEnsure disconnected multiplugs and sensors
are protected from being contaminated with oil,
coolant or other solutions. Contamination could
impair performance or result in catastrophic
failure.
lNever force connectors apart using tools to
prise apart or by pulling on the wiring harness.
lAlways ensure locking tabs are disengaged
before disconnection, and match orientation to
enable correct reconnection.
lEnsure that any protection (covers, insulation
etc.) is replaced if disturbed.Having confirmed a component to be faulty:
lSwitch off the ignition and disconnect the
battery.
lRemove the component and support the
disconnected harness.
lWhen replacing the component, keep oily hands
away from electrical connection areas and push
connectors home until any locking tabs fully
engage.
Battery disconnection
Before disconnecting the battery, disable the alarm
system and switch off all electrical equipment. If the
radio is to be serviced, ensure the security code has
been deactivated.
CAUTION: To prevent damage to electrical
components, always disconnect the battery
when working on the vehicle's electrical system.
The ground lead must be disconnected first and
reconnected last.
CAUTION: Always ensure that battery leads are
routed correctly and are not close to any
potential chafing points.
Battery charging
Only recharge the battery with it removed from the
vehicle. Always ensure any battery charging area is
well ventilated and that every precaution is taken to
avoid naked flames and sparks.
Ignition system safety precautions
The vehicle's ignition system produces high voltages
and the following precautions should be observed
before carrying out any work on the system:
WARNING: Before commencing work on an
ignition system, ensure all high tension
terminals, adapters and diagnostic equipment
are adequately insulated and shielded to prevent
accidental personal contacts and minimise the
risk of shock. Wearers of surgically implanted
pacemaker devices should not be in close
proximity of ignition circuits or diagnostic
equipment.