LAND ROVER FRELANDER 2 2006 Owner's Guide

Invert the compres s or and gravi ty drain the oi l into a calibrated meas uri ng cyl inder. Rotat e t he compres sor clut ch tomake s ure the compres s or is complet el y drai ned.Note the quanti ty of oi l drained (Y cm³).Calculate the quanti ty of oi l to be drained from t he new compres sor us ing t he fol lowi ng formula:X cm³ — (Y cm³ +20 cm³) = Q cm³Remove the drain pl ug from the new compres s or and drain Q cm3 of oi l. ins t al l and tight en t he compres sor drai nplug.
Vehicle Weights
Itemkglb
Maximum Gros s Vehicle W eight (GVW ) - Al l model s (1)25055511Approximate unladen w eight (2):
3.2 Petrol18254015
2.2 Diesel18204004Maximum weight of unbraked trailer:
On-road7501650
Off-road7501650Maximum towable weight (mass) - T railers with overrun brakes:
On-road20004400
Off-road20004400Gross train weight - T railers with overrun brakes (3):
On-road45059911
Off-road45059911Nose w eight:
On-road150330
Off-road150330Maximum front axl e l oad - All models (4)13102882
Maximum rear axle load - All models (4)13602992
Maximum roof rack l oad - All models (5)75165(1) T he maximum permissible weight of the vehicle including passengers and load.
(2) T his figure includes the toolkit, all fluids to the correct levels and spare w heel but excludes the driver andpassengers.
(3) T he maximum permissible weight of the vehicle and braked trailer and their respective loads.
(4) T he front and rear maximum loads cannot be reached simultaneously as this will exceed the GVW limit. Whencalculating rear axle loading, remember that the trailer nose w eight, the load in the vehicle' s luggage area, w eighton the roof rack, and the weight of rear seat passengers must all be added together.
(5) T his figure includes the weight of the roofrack.
Vehicle Dimensions
ItemmminLengt h - excluding l icens e pl ate pl int h - All models4500177.2
Width - All models:
Mirrors extended218085.83Mirrors folded200578.95
Maximum height - including roof rail s - Al l model s182071.65
W heelbas e - Al l model s2660104.7T rack:
Front w ith 16" wheels161163.43
Front w ith 17"/18"/19" wheels160163.03Rear with 16" wheels162463.94
Rear with 17"/18"19" wheels161463.54
Vehicle ride height (1):Front490.7±1219.32±0.47
Rear504.6±1219.87±0.47
Underbody running cl earance t o exhaus t - Mi nimum - Kerb wei ght2299.0Front axle t o underbody clearance2168.5
Rear axl e t o different ial cas i ng cl earance26710.5
Suspension travel from kerb - ROW (unladen):2278.9Front (bump/rebound)105/804.13/3.15
Rear (bump/rebound)130/905.12/3.54
T otal articulation33513.2Suspension travel from kerb - NAS (unladen):
Front (bump/rebound)102/764/3
Rear (bump/rebound)127/895/3.5T otal articulation33013.2
W adi ng dept h50019.7
Depart ure angle - Towbar NOT ins tall ed34°Depart ure angle - Fi xed hei ght towbar - NOT NAS vehicles19°
Depart ure angle - Detachabl e towbar ins t al led - NOT NAS vehicle18°
Depart ure angle - Towbar i ns t alled - NAS vehi cl es19°Approach angl e31°
Breakover angle157°
Maximum gradient for conti nuous operat ion30°Maximum gradient for drive t hrough operat ion (2)45°

(1) Ride height is measured vertically from wheel center to underside of wheelarch. All figures are with vehicle at'Show room' height - full fluids, full tank of fuel, no occupants/luggage, tires inflated to normal pressures.
(2) 5 seconds maximum duration.

Publi s hed: 11-May-2011
General Information - Health and Safety Precautions
Des cript ion and Operat ion
Introduction
Modern vehicles contai n many mat erial s and li qui ds which i f not handled wi th care can be hazardous to bot h pers onalheal th and the environment . Als o, many of t he procedures as s oci ated wit h vehi cl e maint enance and repai r involve physi calhazards or ot her ri sks t o healt h.
This s ubsect ion l is ts some of thes e hazardous operat ions and t he mat erial s and equi pment as s oci ated wi th them.Precaut ions necess ary to avoid thes e hazards are ident ified.
The li s t is not exhaus ti ve and all operat ions and procedures and the handli ng of materials , s houl d be carried out wi thheal th and s afety in mind.
Before usi ng any product the Mat eri al s Safet y Data Sheet s uppl ied by t he manufacturer or s uppli er s hould be cons ul ted.
W ARNING: Many liqui ds and ot her subs tances used in mot or vehi cl es are poi sonous and s houl d under nocircums t ances be consumed and should, as far as pos s ible, be kept from contact wit h t he s kin. Thes e l iquids ands ubs t ances i nclude acid, anti -freeze, brake fl uid, fuel , windscreen washer addi ti ves, l ubricants , refri gerant s and vari ousadhes ives .
Acids and Alkalis
For example - alkali s s uch as caus ti c soda us ed i n cleaning mat eri al s ; aci ds such as s ulphuri c aci d us ed in bat teries .
Both al kal is and acids are i rrit ant and corrosi ve t o the ski n, eyes , nos e and t hroat. They cause burns and can des t royordi nary prot ect ive clot hing.
Avoi d s plas hes to the s kin, eyes and cl othi ng. W ear s uit able prot ecti ve impervi ous apron, gl oves and goggles . Do notbreat h mi st s .
Make s ure acces s t o eye was h bott les , s hower and s oap are readil y avai lable for s pl ashi ng accident s.
Dis play Eye Hazard si gn.
Air Bags
Highly fl ammable, expl osi ve – obs erve No Smoking pol icy.
Us ed wit hin the vehicle as safety rest rai nts .
The inflat or contai ns a high-energy propel lant which, when ignit ed, produces a VERY HOT GAS (2500°C).
The gas inflator (generator) us ed i n air bags is Sodi um Azide. This mat eri al i s hermet icall y s eal ed in each ai r bag modul eand is compl et ely cons umed during depl oyment . No att empt s houl d be made t o open an ai r bag infl ator as t hi s wi ll lead t ot he ri sk of exposure t o Sodium Azi de. If a gas generator i s rupt ured, full prot ecti ve cl othing should be worn when deali ngwit h t he s pil lage.
Aft er normal depl oyment , gloves and s afety goggles s hould be worn during t he handl ing proces s.
Deployed air bags s hould be dis posed of i n a pl ast ic bag i n accordance wi th local regul ati ons at an approved chemicalwas te si te.
Follow ing any direct contact with Sodium Azide:
W as h affected areas thoroughly wi th water.SEEK IMMEDIAT E MEDICAL ASSIST ANCE.
Air Bags - Do' s
Do s t ore modules in an upright pos i ti on.Do keep modules dry.Do carry modules wi th the cover si de pointi ng away from the body.Do pl ace modul es wit h t hei r cover s ide upwards .Do careful ly ins pect modules for damage.Do s t and to one si de when connecti ng modules .Do make s ure all t es t equipment is properly cal ibrat ed and maint ained.Do was h hands aft er handli ng depl oyed ai r bags .
Air Bags - Do Not
Do Not s t ore highl y fl ammable materi al together wit h modul es or gas generat ors .Do Not s t ore gas generators at temperatures exceedi ng 80°C.Do Not s t ore modules ups ide down.Do Not at tempt t o open a gas generator hous ing.Do Not expos e gas generat ors t o open flame or s ources of heat .Do Not place anythi ng on top of a module cover.Do Not us e damaged modules .Do Not t ouch a fi red modul e or gas generat or for at leas t 10 mi nut es aft er fi ri ng.Do Not us e any electrical probes on t he wiring circui t.

Air Suspension
W henever work is bei ng undertaken on t he air s us pens ion s ys tem, s uit able eye prot ection must be worn.
Air Conditioning Refrigerant
Highly fl ammable, combus t ible – observe No Smoking poli cy.
Skin contact may res ult in fros tbi te.
Ins t ructi ons gi ven by the manufact urer mus t be followed. Avoi d naked li ght s , wear s uit able protecti ve gloves and goggles .
If refrigerant comes int o contact wit h t he s ki n or eyes , rins e t he affect ed areas with wat er immedi ately. Eyes s houl d als obe rins ed wit h an appropriate irri gat ion s olut ion s uch as a s olut ion of 9% Sodi um Chl oride and Purified W at er. DO NOTRUB T HE EYES AND SEEK IMMEDIAT E MEDICAL AT T ENT ION.
Air Conditioning Refrigerant
Do Not
Do Not expos e refrigerant bott les to s unli ght or heat.Do Not expos e refrigerant bott les to fros t .Do Not drop refrigerant bot tl es .Do Not vent refrigerant t o at mos phere under any circums t ance.Do Not mi x refri gerants .
Adhesives and Sealants
Many adhes ives and s ealants are hi ghl y fl ammable – OBSERVE NO SMOKING POLICY . Thes e it ems , s hould be s tored infl ameproof cabi net s in No Smoking areas . Cleanli nes s and t idi nes s i n us e s houl d be obs erved, for exampl e dis posablepaper covering benches . All adhesi ves and sealant s s houl d be dis pensed from applicators where pos s ibl e; contai ners ,including secondary cont ainers , s houl d be l abell ed appropri at ely.
Anaerobic, Cyanoacrylate (super-g lues) and other Acrylic Ad hesives
Many are irrit ant, s ensi ti zing or harmful to the s kin and res pirat ory t ract . Some are eye i rrit ants .
Skin and eye contact should be avoi ded and the manufact urer's ins t ructi ons foll owed.
Cyanoacrylat e adhes i ves (s uper-gl ues ) MUST NOT cont act t he s ki n or eyes . If s ki n or eye ti s sue i s bonded, cover wi th aclean moi st pad and SEEK IMMEDIAT E MEDICAL AT T ENT ION. Do not att empt to pul l ski n t is sue apart. Us e i n wellvent il ated areas as vapors can caus e irri tat ion t o t he nose and eyes .
For two-pack s yst ems s ee Res in-bas ed and Is ocyanat e Adhesi ves /Seal ers .
Solvent-based Adhesives/Sealers - See Solvents
Follow manufacturers ins t ructi ons .
Water-based Adhesives/Sealers
Thos e bas ed on polymer emul si ons and rubber/latex may cont ain s mal l amount s of vol ati le, toxic and harmful chemicals .Skin and eye contact should be avoi ded and adequate vent ilat ion provi ded during us e.
Hot Melt Adhesives
In the sol id s t ate, t hey are s afe. In t he molt en s tat e t hey may caus e burns and healt h hazards may aris e from t heinhalat ion of t oxi c fumes .
Us e appropri at e protecti ve cl othing and a t hermos tat ical ly controll ed heat er wit h a t hermal cut-out and adequateextract ion.
Resin-based Adhesives/Sealers, for examp le Epoxide and Formaldehyde Resin-based
Mixi ng s hould be carri ed out in wel l vent il at ed areas as harmful or t oxi c vol ati le chemicals may be rel eas ed.
Skin contact wit h uncured res i ns and hardeners can res ult i n irri tat ion, dermat it is , and abs orpt ion of t oxic or harmfulchemical s t hrough the ski n. Splas hes can damage the eyes .
Provide adequat e venti lat ion and avoid s kin and eye contact .
Isocyanate (Polyurethane) Ad hesives/Sealers
See als o Res in-bas ed Adhesi ves
Indi vi dual s s uffering from as thma or res pi rat ory al lergi es should not work wi th or near thes e mat eri al s as s ensi ti vi tyreacti ons can occur.
Over expos ure i s irri tat ing t o t he eyes and res pirat ory sys tem. Excess ive concent rations may produce effects on thenervous s ys t em i ncl udi ng drows ines s. In extreme cas es , l os s of conscious ness may result . Long term expos ure to vapourconcentrati ons may res ult i n adverse heal th effect s.
Prol onged contact wit h t he s ki n may l ead to s ki n irri tat ion and i n s ome cas es , dermat it is .
Splas hes ent eri ng the eye wi ll cause di s comfort and pos si ble damage.

Any s praying s houl d preferably be carri ed out in venti lat ed boot hs which i ncorporat e faci li ti es for removi ng vapors ands pray dropl et s from the breathing zone.
W ear appropri at e gl oves , eye and res pirat ory protecti on.
Antifreeze
May be flammabl e when undilut ed.
Vapors may be gi ven off from coolant anti freeze when heat ed. Avoid breathi ng thes e vapors .
Anti freeze may be absorbed through t he s kin i n t oxi c or harmful quanti ti es. Ant ifreeze, i f s wal lowed, can be fat al; SEEKIMMEDIAT E MEDICAL AT T ENT ION.
Battery Acids
See als o Al kal is and Acids .
Gas es releas ed duri ng bat t ery charging are expl osi ve. Al ways remove t he batt ery from t he vehi cl e pri or to chargi ng. Neverus e naked flames or al low s parks near charging or recentl y charged bat t eries . NEVER add aci d t o a bat tery, t he chemicalreacti on produced wil l be vi olent and expl os i ve. In cases of eye contact, was h affected area wit h copious amount s of wat erand SEEK IMMEDIAT E MEDICAL AT T ENT ION.
Make s ure t here i s adequat e vent il ati on during bat tery charging, obs erve NO SMOKING POLICY .
Brake Pads and Linings
Always fit t he correct grade and s peci fi cat ion of brake pads and l inings . W hen renewi ng pads and lini ngs , always repl aceas complete axl e s ets .
Brake and Clutch Fluid
Splas hes to t he s kin and eyes are irri tat ing and i n t he long t erm can be damagi ng, avoid prolonged s ki n cont act. In casesof eye cont act , wash affect ed area wi th copious amount s of water and SEEK IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION.
Chemical Materials
All chemical materials should al ways be used wit h caut ion and st ored and handled wi th care. They may be toxic, harmful,corros ive, irri tant or highly fl ammable and gi ve ri se to hazardous fumes and dus t s.
The effect s of exces s ive expos ure to chemi cal s may be i mmediat e or delayed; briefl y experienced or permanent ;cumulati ve; s uperficial; life t hreatening; or may reduce l ife expect ancy.
Chemical Materials - Do's
Do careful ly read and observe hazard and precaut ion warnings given on material cont ai ners (labels ) and in anyaccompanyi ng leaflets , pos ters or ot her ins truct ions . Material heal th and safet y data s heet s can be obtained frommanufacturers .Do remove chemi cal mat eri al s from the s kin and cl othing as soon as pract icable after s oil ing. Change heavily soi ledclothi ng and have it cleaned.Do organi se work pract ices and prot ect ive clot hing t o avoi d s oil ing of t he s ki n and eyes .Do avoid breat hing vapors , aeros ols , dus t s or fumes ; inadequat e container labell ing; fi re and expl os i on hazards .Do was h before job breaks, before eati ng, s moking, dri nki ng or usi ng t oi let faci lit ies when handli ng chemicalmat erial s.Do keep work areas clean, unclut tered and free of s pi ll s.Do s t ore chemical materials according to nat ional and local regul at ions .Do keep chemical materi als out of t he reach of chi ldren.
Chemical Materials - Do Not
Do Not mi x chemical materials except under the manufact urers ins truct ions ; s ome chemicals can form ot her toxic orharmful chemi cal s, gi ve off t oxi c or harmful fumes or become explos ive when mixed t oget her.Do Not s pray chemical materials , part icularly t hose bas ed on s olvents , i n confined spaces , for example when peopleare ins ide a vehicle.Do Not apply heat or fl ame t o chemical materi als except under the manufact urers ins truct ions . Some are hi ghlyfl ammable and some may rel ease toxic or harmful fumes .Do Not l eave contai ners open. Fumes given off can bui ld up to t oxic, harmful or explos ive concentrati ons . Somefumes are heavier than ai r and wil l accumulate in confi ned areas s uch as pi ts .Do Not t rans fer chemical materi als t o unlabell ed cont ainers .Do Not clean hands or cl othing wit h chemicals . Chemical s , parti cul arly sol vent s and fuel s, wi ll dry ski n and maycaus e i rrit ati on leading t o dermat it is or be abs orbed t hrough t he s ki n i n t oxi c or harmful quanti ti es .Do Not us e empt ied containers for ot her mat eri al s except when t hey have been cleaned under s upervis edcondi ti ons .Do Not s niff or smel l chemi cal mat eri al s , even brief expos ure to hi gh concentrat ions of fumes can be toxic orharmful.
Corrosion Protection Materials
Some corrosi on prot ect ion mat eri als are highly flammabl e – obs erve NO SMOKING POLICY.
Thes e materials are vari ed and the manufact urers ins truct ions mus t always be foll owed. The mat eri als may contai ns olvent s , res ins or petroleum product s. Skin and eye cont act s houl d be avoided. They s hould only be s prayed in condit ionsof adequate vent il at ion and not i n confined s paces .

Dust
Dus t or powder produced during repai r operati ons may be irri tant , harmful or t oxi c. Avoid breathing dus t s from powderychemical mat eri als or t hos e aris ing from dry abrasi on operati ons. W ear respi rat ory prot ect ion if vent il ati on is inadequate.
Fine dus ts of combus ti bl e mat eri al can pres ent an expl osi on hazard. Avoid expl os i ve li mit s and s ources of ignit ion.
Electrical Equipment
Electric s hock can res ul t from the us e of faul ty el ect ri cal equipment or from t he misus e of equipment in good condit ion.
Make s ure t hat elect rical equipment i s maint ained in good condit ion and frequent ly tes ted. Fault y equi pment should belabell ed and preferably removed from t he work st ati on.
Make s ure t hat fl exes , cabl es , plugs and s ocket s are not frayed, ki nked, cut, cracked or ot herwi se damaged. If us i ng cablereel extens ion equipment, ALW AY S ens ure that t he cabl e is full y unwound from t he reel .
Make s ure t hat elect rical equipment and flexes do not come int o cont act wi th water.
Make s ure t hat elect rical equipment i s prot ect ed by the correct rat ed fus e.
Never mis use elect rical equipment and never us e equipment which i s in any way fault y. The res ult s coul d be fatal.
Make s ure t hat the cables of mobil e elect rical equi pment cannot get t rapped and damaged, s uch as i n a vehicle hoi st .
Make s ure t hat the des ignated el ect ri cal workers are trained in bas i c Fi rs t Ai d.
In cases of electrocution:
Swit ch off t he power supply before approachi ng t he victi m.If this is not poss i bl e, DO NO T T OUCH T HE VICT IM but push or drag t he pers on from the s ource of electricit yus ing dry, non-conduct ive mat erial .Commence res us ci tat ion i f trained t o do s o.SEEK IMMEDIAT E MEDICAL AT T ENT ION.
Exhaust Fumes
Thes e contai n as phyxiat ing, harmful and t oxic chemicals and part icl es such as carbon oxides , nit rogen oxi des, al dehydes ,lead and aromati c hydrocarbons . Engi nes should be run onl y under condi ti ons of adequat e exhaus t extract ion or generalvent il ati on and not in confi ned spaces .
Gasoline (Petrol) engine
There may not be adequate warning of odour or of i rrit at ion before t oxic or harmful effect s ari se. These may be i mmediat eor del ayed.
Gas Oil (Diesel engine)
Soot , dis comfort and irri tat ion us ual ly gi ve adequate warning of hazardous fume concent rat ions .
Fibre Insulation
The fi brous nature of s urfaces and cut edges can caus e s kin irri tat ion. Thi s is us uall y a physi cal and not a chemical effect .
Precaut ions s hould be taken to avoi d exces s ive s kin contact through careful organi zat ion of work pract ices and the us e ofgloves.
Fire
Many of the materials found on or ass ociated wit h t he repair of vehi cles are highly flammabl e. Some give off t oxic orharmful fumes i f burnt; ot hers s uch as fl uoroelas tomers when burnt or damaged by exces si ve heat can break down andproduce highly corrosi ve hydrofl uoric acid - See Fl uoroelas tomers.
Shoul d any mat erial be i n a burnt or overheated condit ion, handle wit h extreme caution and wear protecti ve clothi ng whenhandl ing s uch it ems . Dis pose of s uch mat erial i n accordance wit h l ocal regulat ions .
Decont aminate and dis pos e of protecti ve cl othing immedi at ely after us e.
Obs erve s trict fire s afety when st ori ng and handl ing flammabl e mat erial s or sol vent s, parti cularly near electrical equi pmentor welding proces s es.
Make s ure, before usi ng electrical or wel ding equipment, t hat there is no fi re hazard present .
Have a s uit abl e fire exti nguis her avai lable when us i ng welding or heati ng equipment.
First Aid
Apart from meeti ng any legal requirement s it is des irabl e for s omeone in the workshop t o be t rai ned in Fi rs t Aidprocedures.
Splas hes in t he eye s houl d be flus hed carefull y wit h clean wat er for at leas t ten minut es .
Soiled ski n s houl d be was hed wit h s oap and water.

In cas e of cold burns, from alt ernati ve fuels , place affected area in cool to col d water.
Indi vi dual s affect ed by i nhalat ion of gas es and fumes s hould be removed t o fresh air immediatel y. If effect s pers i st ,cons ult a doct or.
If liquids are s wall owed inadvertent ly, cons ult a doctor gi vi ng him the informati on on t he cont ainer or label . Do not inducevomit ing unles s t his acti on is indicated on the l abel .
Fluoroelastomers (Synthetic Rubber)
Many 'O' rings , seals , hos es , flexible pi pes and other s imi lar which appear t o be manufact ured from natural rubber are, i nfact , made of synt het ic mat eri als call ed Fluoroelas tomers .
Under normal operat ing condit ions , thes e mat erial s are safe and do not cons t it ut e a heal th hazard. However, if t hemat erial s are damaged by burni ng or expos ure t o exces s ive heat , they can break down and produce highly corros ivehydrofl uoric acid.
W ARNING: Cont act wi th hydrofluoric acid can cause serious burns on contact wi th t he s kin. If skin cont act does occur,carry out t he followi ng s teps i mmediat el y:
Remove any cont aminated cl othing.
SEEK IMMEDIAT E MEDICAL AT T ENT ION
Irrigate affected area of s ki n wi th copious amounts of cold water or li mewater for 15 to 60 minut es.
Foams - Polyurethane
Us ed in sound and nois e i nsul at ion. Cured foams us ed in seat and t ri m cus hioning.
Unreacted component s are irri tat ing and may be harmful t o t he s kin and eyes. W ear gloves and goggles .
Indi vi dual s wit h chronic res pirat ory di seas es, as t hma, bronchial medi cal problems , or his t ories of al lergi c dis eas es s houl dnot work i n or near uncured mat eri als .
The components , vapors or s pray mi s ts can cause direct irri tat ion, s ens i ti vi ty reactions and may be toxic or harmful .
Vapors and s pray mis ts must not be i nhal ed. Thes e mat erial s mus t be appl ied wit h adequate vent il at ion and res pirat oryprot ect ion. Do not remove t he respi rator i mmediat ely after s praying, wait unti l the vapour/mis t s have cl eared.
Burning of t he uncured component s and the cured foams can generate toxic and harmful fumes. Smoking, naked fl ames ort he use of el ect ri cal equipment during foaming operat ions and unt il vapors/mi st s have cleared s hould not be al lowed. Anyheat cut ti ng of cured foams or part ial ly cured foams s houl d be carried out i n areas having s uit abl e fume extract ionequi pment.
Fuels
Avoi d s kin contact wit h fuel where poss i bl e. Should cont act occur, wash the affected ski n wit h s oap and wat er.
Gasoline (Petrol)
Highly fl ammable - O BSERVE NO SMOKING POLICY .
Swall owi ng gasol ine (petrol ) can res ult i n mouth and throat i rrit ati on and absorpt ion from t he s tomach can res ult i ndrows ines s and uncons ci ousnes s. Smal l amount s can be fat al to chi ldren. Inhal at ion into the l ungs , t hrough vomit ing, is avery s eri ous hazard.
Gas ol ine (petrol) dri es the ski n and can caus e i rrit at ion and prolonged or repeat ed contact may caus e dermati ti s; if it i sall owed to ent er the eyes , it wi ll caus e s evere s marti ng. W ash affect ed area wi th copious amount s of water and SEEKIMMEDIAT E MEDICAL AT T ENT ION.
Gas ol ine (petrol) may contai n appreci abl e quanti ti es of benzene, whi ch is t oxi c upon inhalat ion and t he concentrat ion ofvapors mus t be kept very low. Hi gh concent rat ions wi ll caus e eye, nose and throat i rrit ati on, naus ea, headache, depress ionand s ymptoms of drunkennes s . Very hi gh concent rat ions wi ll res ult in rapi d l os s of conscious ness .
Make s ure t here i s adequat e vent il ati on when handl ing and us ing gas oli ne (pet rol). Great care must be taken to avoi d t hes erious consequences of i nhal at ion in t he event of vapour buil d up aris ing from s pill ages in confi ned spaces .
Speci al precauti ons appl y to cl eani ng and maint enance operat ions on gas ol ine (petrol) s torage tanks.
Gas ol ine (petrol) s houl d not be us ed as a cleaning agent. It mus t not be si phoned by mout h.
Gas-oil (Diesel Fuel)
Combust ibl e.
Prol onged s kin contact wit h hi gh boi li ng point gas oils (di es el fuel) may caus e s erious ski n dis orders including s kin cancer.
Inhalat ion i nto the l ungs will cause int ernal bl eedi ng - SEEK IMMEDIAT E MEDICAL AT T ENT ION.
If sw allow ed, DO NOT induce vomiting - SEEK IMMEDIAT E MEDICAL AT T ENT ION.
Kerosene (Paraffin)
Us ed als o as heati ng fuel , sol vent and cleaning agent.

Flammabl e - OBSERVE NO SMOKING POLICY .
Irrit at ion of t he mout h and t hroat may res ult from s wallowi ng. The main hazard from s wallowi ng ari ses if li qui d as pirat ionint o t he lungs occurs.
Liquid contact dri es the ski n and can caus e i rrit at ion or dermati ti s. Splas hes in the eye may be s light ly i rrit ati ng.
In normal circums t ances t he low vol ati lit y does not give ris e t o harmful vapors . Expos ure to mis t s and vapors fromkeros ene at el evat ed t emperature s houl d be avoi ded (mis ts may ari s e in dewaxing). Avoi d s ki n and eye cont act and makes ure t here i s adequat e vent il ati on.
If sw allow ed, DO NOT induce vomiting - SEEK IMMEDIAT E MEDICAL AT T ENT ION.
Gas Cylinders
Gas es such as oxygen, acet ylene, argon and propane are normall y s tored in cyli nders at pres s ures of up t o 138 bar (13800kPa) (2000 lbf/i n²) and great care should be taken i n handl ing t hese cyli nders t o avoi d mechani cal damage t o t hem or t ot he val ve gear at tached. The contents of each cylinder s houl d be clearl y ident ifi ed by appropri ate markings .
Cylinders should be s tored in wel l vent il at ed encl osures, and protected from ice and s now or direct sunli ght . Fuel gas es,for example acetyl ene and propane should not be st ored i n clos e proximit y t o oxygen cylinders .
Care should be exerci sed to prevent l eaks from gas cyl inders and l ines and als o t o avoid s ources of ignit ion.
Only trai ned pers onnel s houl d undertake work involving gas cyli nders .
General Workshop Tools and Equipment
It is es s ent ial t hat al l tools and equipment are maint ained in good condit ion and t he correct s afet y equi pment is us edwhere required.
Never us e t ools or equipment for any purpos e other t han that for whi ch they were desi gned. Never overl oad equi pments uch as hoi st s , jacks, axle and chas si s s tands or li ft ing sl ings . Damage caus ed by overloading i s not always immediatel yapparent and may res ult i n a fatal fai lure the next t ime that t he equi pment is us ed.
Do not us e damaged or defect ive t ools or equipment, part icularly hi gh s peed equipment s uch as gri ndi ng wheel s . Adamaged grindi ng wheel can dis int egrate wit hout warning and cause serious i njury.
W ear s uit abl e eye prot ect ion when us ing grinding, chis elli ng or s and bl ast ing equi pment .
W ear a s uit able breat hing mas k when us i ng abrasi ve blas ti ng equi pment or us i ng sprayi ng equi pment.
Make s ure t here i s adequat e vent il ati on to cont rol dust s , mis t s and fumes .
High Pressure Air, Lubrication and Oil Test Equipment
Always keep high press ure equi pment i n good condi ti on, and regul arly maint ai ned, parti cularly at joint s and uni ons.
Never di rect a high press ure nozzle, for example dies el i njector, at t he s kin as the fluid may penet rat e t o t he underlyingt is sue and caus e s eri ous i njury.
Jacking
Always refer to the Jacki ng and Lifti ng s ect ion of t hi s manual prior t o rai s ing t he vehi cl e off the ground.
W hen vehicle is t o be rais ed by means of a jack, ensure t hat i t is st andi ng on l evel ground, that parking brake is appli edand wheels are chocked. ALW AY S us e t he recommended jacking poi nt s and ens ure t hat vehi cl e jack has s ufficient loadcapacit y for t he weight of t he vehi cl e.
W ARNING: Do not work on or under a vehi cle s upported onl y by a jack. Always s upport t he vehi cl e on s afet y s tands .
Ensure t hat hois t s have s uffi ci ent load capacit y for t he wei ght of t he vehi cl e.
Legal Aspects
There are many l aws and regulat ions rel at ing to healt h and s afet y i n the us e and di spos al of materials and equipment i n aworks hop.
For a s afe worki ng envi ronment and t o avoi d environment al poll uti on, workshops s hould be famil iar, i n detai l, wi th t hemany healt h and s afety laws and regul ati ons wit hi n t hei r count ry, publ is hed by both nat ional and local aut horit ies .
Lubricants and Greases
Avoi d all prolonged and repeat ed contact wit h mi neral oils . All l ubricants and greases may be irri tat ing t o t he eyes ands ki n.
Used Engine Oil
Prol onged and repeat ed cont act wi th engi ne oil wil l res ult i n t he removal of nat ural fat s from the s kin, leading to drynes s ,irri tat ion and dermati ti s. In addit ion, used engi ne oil cont ains potent iall y harmful cont aminants whi ch may caus e s kincancer. Adequat e means of s kin protecti on and washi ng facil it ies mus t be provi ded.
Do not employ us ed engine oi ls as l ubricants or for any appli cat ion where appreciable s kin cont act i s li kel y t o occur.

Health Protection Precautions
Avoi d prol onged and repeat ed cont act wit h oil s, parti cularly us ed engine oi ls .W ear prot ect ive clot hing, including i mpervious gl oves where practi cable.Do not put oily rags i nt o pocket s .Avoi d contami nat ing cl ot hes, parti cularly underpants , wi th oi l.Heavi ly s oil ed clot hi ng and oil -i mpregnated foot wear s hould not be worn. Overall s mus t be cleaned regularly.First Ai d t reatment s hould be obt ained i mmediat el y for open cuts and wounds .Us e barrier creams , appl yi ng t hem before each work peri od, t o help the removal of oil from t he s ki n.W as h wi th soap and wat er to make s ure al l oi l is removed (s kin cl eans ers and nail brushes wi ll help). Preparati onscont aining lanol ine replace the nat ural s ki n oil s which have been removed.Do not us e gasol ine (pet rol ), keros ene (paraffin), di esel fuel (gas oi l), thi nners or s ol vent s for cleaning skin.If skin dis orders develop, obtain medical advice wi thout delay.W here practi cable, degreas e component s pri or t o handling.W here there is a ri s k of eye cont act , eye protecti on s houl d be worn, for exampl e chemical goggles or face s hiel ds ;in addi ti on an eye was h facil it y s houl d be provided.
Environmental Precautions
This s ecti on provides general informati on which can help t o reduce t he environment al i mpact s from the act ivit ies carriedout in workshops .
Emis s ions t o air
Many of the act ivit ies t hat are carried out i n works hops emit gas es and fumes whi ch can contribut e to global warmi ng,depl eti on of the ozone layer and/or the format ion of phot ochemical s mog at ground level. By cons ideri ng how t he works hopact ivi ti es are carried out , thes e gases and fumes can be mi nimi s ed, t hus reduci ng t he impact on t he envi ronment.
Exhaus t fumes
Runni ng car engines i s an es sent ial part of works hop act ivi ti es and exhaust fumes need t o be venti lated to at mos phere.However, the amount of t ime engi nes are runni ng and the pos it ion of t he vehi cle s hould be carefully cons idered at al lt imes , to reduce the releas e of poi s onous gas es and mini mis e t he i nconveni ence t o peopl e l iving nearby.
Solvent s
Some of t he cl eani ng agent s us ed are sol vent based and wil l evaporate rapidl y to atmos phere i f used carel ess l y, or i fcont ainers are l eft unseal ed. Al l contai ners mus t be firmly cl os ed when not requi red and s olvent should be used sparingly.W herever poss i bl e, sol vent s havi ng a l ow t oxi ci ty and flammabi li ty should be sel ect ed. Al ways foll ow t he ins t ructi onss uppl ied by t he s olvent manufact urer. Si mil arl y, many pai nt s are s olvent bas ed and the s pray s houl d be us ed in such away as t o reduce emi ss i ons t o a mini mum.
Refrigerant
It is i ll egal t o rel eas e any refrigerant int o t he atmos phere. Dis charge and repl acement of thes e mat eri al s from aircondi ti oni ng uni ts should onl y be carried out us ing t he appropri at e equipment .
Dis charges to water
Mos t works hops wi ll have t wo s ys t ems for di schargi ng wast e wat er - st orm drai ns and foul drains . Storm drains s houl d onlyreceive clean wat er i.e. rainwat er. Foul drai ns wil l accept many of the normal was t e wat er i .e. was hing wat er, detergent sand domest ic type was te BUT NOT oi l, petrol, s olvent , acids , hydraul ic fluid, anti freeze and si mil ar fl ui ds. If in doubt ,always cons ult the l ocal authori ty or wat er company.
Spill ages
Every precauti on mus t be taken t o prevent s pi ll age of oi l, fuel , sol vent s etc., reachi ng the drains . All handl ing of s uchmat erial s mus t take pl ace wel l away from drai ns and preferably i n an area wit h a s uit able contai ni ng wall t o preventdis charge int o drai ns or watercours es . If a spi llage occurs , it mus t be s oaked up immedi ately us i ng a s pil l ki t whereprovided.
Checkli s t
Spillage prevention:
Store li quids in a s ecure area.
Make s ure t hat taps on l iquid cont ai ners are s ecure and cannot be acci dent ally turned on.
Prot ect bulk st orage t anks from vandal is m by locki ng the val ves .
Trans fer li quids from one cont ai ner t o another i n an area away from open drai ns .
Ensure li ds are replaced s ecurel y on cont ainers .
Have s pi ll kit s availabl e near t o point s of s torage and liquid handl ing areas .
Spill Ki ts
Speci al mat eri als are avai lable to abs orb a number of di fferent subs tances. They can be in granular form, ready t o us e andare suppli ed in sui table cont ai ners . Dis posal of used spi ll absorbing mat eri al i s deal t wit h i n W as t e management .
Land contamination
Oil s , fuels and s olvents etc. can cont aminate any soi l wit h which t hey come int o cont act . Such materials MUST never bedis posed of by pouri ng on t o s oil and every precauti on mus t be t aken t o avoid s pil lage reaching s oil . W as te materials

s tored on open ground coul d eit her leak or have contami nati ng subs tances was hed off them that would cont aminate theland. Always s tore t hes e materi als i n s uit abl e s kips or s imi larly robus t cont ainers .
Legal compliance
Some s it es may have a di scharge cons ent for effl uent di scharge t o t he foul drai n for a car was h et c. It is ess enti al t o knowt he types of effluent which are al lowed t o be di scharged i nto t he drai n and t o check t he res ult s of any monit ori ng carri edout by the W ater Company.
W here paint s praying operat ions are carried out i t may be necess ary to apply to the Local Aut horit y for an ai r emis s ionsli cence t o operate the pl ant . If such a licence is necess ary, addit ional precaut ions wil l be neces s ary t o comply wi th therequirements and t he resul ts of any air quali ty moni toring mus t be checked regul arl y.
Checkli s t
Alw ays adhere to the following:
Know what legal cons ents and l icences apply t o t he operat ions.
Check t hat the emis s ions and dis charges compl y wit h l egal requi rements .
Waste Management
Pollut ion can be reduced by careful handli ng, s t orage and dis posal of all was te materials that occur on s it es. Legis lat ionmakes it i ll egal t o dis pose of was t e mat eri al s other t han to licens ed wast e carriers and dis pos al s it es.
This means t hat it i s neces sary t o not onl y know what the wast e mat eri al s are but als o to have the neces s arydocument at ion and licences .
Handl ing and s t orage of was te
Ensure t hat was t e mat erial s are not poured down the drai n or on t o s oil and are st ored in s uch a way t hat they do notes cape on t o l and or soi l.
All was te mus t be s egregat ed int o i ndi vi dual t ypes e.g. oils , met als , bat t eries , s crap component s etc. This wi ll prevent anyreacti on between di fferent materials and as s is t i n dis posal .
Dis pos al of was te
Dis pos e of wast e i n accordance wi th t he followi ng guidelines :
Fuel, hydraulic fluid, anti-freeze and oil: Keep s eparate and dis pos e of t o s peci alis t contract ors .
Refrigerant: Col lect in s peci ali st equipment and reus e.
Detergents: Safe to pour down t he foul drai n if di luted.
Paint, thinners: Keep separat e and dis pose of to speciali st contract or.
Components: Return t o s uppl ier for refurbi shment or dis as sembl e and reus e any s uit able part s . Dis pose ofremai nder i n ordi nary was te.
Small parts: Reuse any sui table parts , dis pos e of the remainder in ordinary was t e.
Metals: Can be s old i f separat e from general was t e.
T yres: Keep s eparate and di s pos e of t o s peci al is t cont ract or. DO NO T att empt to dis pos e of t yres by burni ng.
Components/materials containing asbestos: Keep separat e and dis pose of to speciali st contract or.
Oil and fuel wastes (e.g. rags, used spill kit material): Keep s eparate and dis pos e of t o s peci alis t contract ors .
Air filters: Keep s eparat e and dis pose of to s peciali st contract ors .
Rubber/plastics: Dis pos e of i n ordi nary was te.
Hoses: Di s pos e of i n ordinary was te.
Batteries: Keep separat e and dis pose of to speciali st contract ors .
Air bags - DANGER EXPLOSIVES: Keep s eparate and dis pos e of t o s peci alis t contract ors .
Electrical components: Return to suppli er for refurbis hment or dis ass emble and reus e any s uit abl e components .Dis pos e of remai nder in ordinary wast e.
Catalytic converters: May be s ol d i f kept s eparate from general wast e.
Packaging: Compact/recycl e as much as pos s ible and di s pos e of i n ordinary was te.
Office/paper waste: Recycl e paper and t oner and i nk cart ridges , dis pos e of remainder in ordinary was t e.
Noise
Car alarm t es t ing, panel beati ng, runni ng engi nes , us ing ai r tools et c. are operat ions which i nvariably produce a largeamount of noi se. The l ocati on of s uch act ivit ies and als o the t ime of day must be carefull y cons idered havi ng regard to theproximit y of hous es s chools et c.