sensor NISSAN ALMERA N15 1995 Service Manual

TROUBLEDIAGNOSIS -General Description
Diagnostic TroubleCode(DTC) Chart
ENGINE RELATED ITEMS

Diagnostic Detecteditems
trouble code
No. (ScreentermsforCONSULT, Malfunction
isdetected when...
MIL "SELF-DIAG
RESULTS"mode)

11
Camshaftpositionsensorcircuit •Either
1
0
or
180
0
signal isnot detected bythe ECM forthe first few
(CAMSHAFT POSISEN) secondsduringengine cranking .
• Either
1
0
or
180
0
signal isnot detected bythe ECM often enough
while theengine speedishigher thanthespecified rpm.
• The relation between
1"
and
180"
signals isnot inthe normal range
during thespecified rpm.

12
Massairflow sensor circuit
•An excessively highorlow voltage isentered toECM.
(MASS AIRFLOW SEN) •Voltage senttoECM isnot practical whencompared withthecam-
shaft position sensorsignalandthrottle position sensorsignal.

13
Enginecoolant temperature sen-•An excessively highorlow voltage fromthesensor isdetected by
sor circuit theECM.
(COOLANT TEMPSEN)

21
Ignitionsignalcircuit
•The ignition signalinthe primary circuitisnot detected bythe ECM
(IGN SIGNAL-PRIMARY)
duringengine cranking orrunning.

34
Knocksensor circuit •An excessively loworhigh voltage fromthesensor isdetected by
(KNOCK SENSOR) theECM .

43
Throttlepositionsensorcircuit •
An excessively loworhigh voltage fromthesensor isdetected by
(THROTTLE POSISEN)
theECM.
• Voltage senttoECM isnot practical whencompared withthemass
air flow sensor andcamshaft positionsensorsignals.

55
Nofailure •No malfunction relatedtoOBD system isdetected byeither ECMor
(NO SELF DIAGNOSTIC FAILURE
AIT
control unit.
INDICATED ...)
*1: This isQuick Reference of"DTC CONFIRMATION PROCEDURE".
Details aredescribed ineach TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS FORDTC
XX.

Abbreviations areasfollows:
IGN: ON :Turning theignition switchONisrequired forthe ECM todetect amalfunction (ifone exists).
RUNNING: Runningengineisrequired forthe ECM todetect amalfunctiQn (ifone eXists).

EC-268

TROUBLEDIAGNOSIS -General Description
ill]

Diagnostic TroubleCode(DTC) Chart(Cont'd)

x:
Applicable
-: Not applicable
"DTC *1
*2
Check Items CONFIRMATION
"OVERALLFUNC-
Fail ReferencePage
(Possible Cause) PROCEDURE"
TIONCHECK"
Safe
Quick Ref. QuickRef. System
• Harness orconnectors
(The sensor circuitisopen orshorted.)
• Camshaft positionsensor
RUNNING
--

EC-289
• Starter motor
• Starting systemcircuit(ELsection)
• Dead (Weak) battery
• Harness orconnectors

-

(The sensor circuitisopen orshorted.) RUNNING
RUNNING
X

EC-293
• Mass airflow sensor
• Harness orconnectors
(The sensor circuitisopen orshorted.) IGN:
ON
-

X
EC-297
• Engine coolant temperature sensor
• Harness orconnectors
(The ignition primary circuitisopen orshorted.)
• Power transistor unit RUNNING

--

EC-301
• Camshaft positionsensor
• Camshaft positionsensorcircuit
• Harness orconnectors
(The sensor circuitisopen orshorted.) RUNNING

--

EC-306
• Knock sensor
• Harness orconnectors
(The sensor circuitisopen orshorted.)

-
IGN:
ON
X
EC-309
• Throttle position sensor
• No failure

--
-
-

*2: •The "OVERALL FUNCTIONCHECK"isasimplified andeffective waytoinspect acomponent orcircuit.
In some cases, the"OVERALL FUNCTIONCHECK"isused rather thana"DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLECODECONFIRMA-
TION PROCEDURE".
When noDTC CONFIRMATION PROCEDUREisavailable, the"NG" result ofthe OVERALL FUNCTION CHECKcanbe
considered tomean thesame asaDTC detection .
• During an"NG" OVERALL FUNCTION CHECK,theDTC might notbeconfirmed.

EC-269
•

TROUBLEDIAGNOSIS -General Description
Fail-Safe Chart

The ECM enters fail-safe mode,ifany ofthe following DTCsisrecorded duetothe open orshort circuit.

DTC No.
Detected items Engineoperating conditioninfail-safe mode
MIL
12 Massairflow sensor Enginespeedwillnotrise more than2,400 rpmduetothe fuel cut.
circuit
13 Enginecoolant tem-Engine coolant temperature willbedetermined basedonthe time after turning ignition
perature sensorcir-switch "ON"or"START".
cuit ConditionEnginecoolant temperature decided
Just asignition switchisturned ONorStart 30'C(86'F)
More than4minutes afterignition ONorStart 80'C(176'F)
Except asshown above 30
-80'C (86-176'F)
(Depends onthe time)
43 Throttle position
Throttleposition willbedetermined basedonthe injected fuelamount andtheengine
sensor circuit
speed.
Therefore, acceleration willbepoor.
Condition Drivingcondition
When engine i$idling
Normal
When accelerating Pooracceleration

-
Start
signal circuit

If
the ECM always receives astart signal, theECM willjudge thestart signal "OFF"
when engine speedisabove 1,000rpm.
This prevents extraenrichment.
After theengine speedisbelow 200rpm, start-up enrichment willbeallowed untilthe
engine speedreaches 1,000rpm.

-
ECM
Fail-safesystemactivating conditionwhenECMismalfunctioning
The computing functionofthe ECM wasjudged tobe malfunctioning.
When thefail-safe systemactivates (i.e.,ifthe ECM detects amalfunction conditionin
the CPU ofECM), theMALFUNCTION INDICATORLAMPonthe instrument panellightsto
warn thedriver.
Engine control, withfail-safe system,operates whenECMismalfunctioning
When thefail-safe systemisoperating, fuelinjection, ignitiontiming,fuelpump
operation, IACV-AACvalveoperation andcooling fanoperation arecontrolled undercer-
tain limitations.
Operation
Engine speed Enginespeedwillnotrise more than3,000 rpm
Fuel injection
Simultaneousmultiportfuelinjection system
Ignition timing Ignitiontimingisfixed atthe preset valve
Fuel pump Fuel
pump relayis"ON" whenengine isrunning and"OFF" when
engine stalls
IACV-AAC valve
Fullopen
Cooling fans Cooling
fanrelay "ON" (Highspeed condition) whenengine is
running, and"OFF" whenengine stalls
EC-270

TROUBLEDIAGNOSIS -General Descrip_ti_on
1S_R_'

Basic Inspection
Precaution:
Perform BasicInspection withoutelectrical ormechanical loads
applied;
• Headlamp switchisOFF,
• Air conditioner switchisOFF,
• Rear defogger switchisOFF,
• Steering wheelisinthe straight-ahead position,etc.

m

BEFORE STARTING

1. Check service records forany recent •
repairs thatmay indicate arelated
problem, orthe current needfor
scheduled maintenance.
2. Open engine hoodandcheck thefol-
lowing:
• Harness connectors forimproper con-
nections
• Vacuum hosesforsplits, kinks,or
improper connections
• Wiring forimproper connections,
pinches, orcuts
Goto
(I.

No

CONNECT
CONSULTTOTHE VEHICLE.

Connect "CONSULT" tothe data link
connector forCONSULT andselect
"ENGINE" fromthemenu. Referto

EC-254.
DOES ENGINE START?

\\

~
~ SEF1421

START

•
IGN TIMING ADJ.
0

IGNITION TIMINGFEEDBACK
CONTROL WILLBEHELD BY
TOUCHING START
AFTER DOING SO,ADJUST
IGNITION TIMINGWITHA
TIMING LIGHTBYTURNING
THE CAMSHAFT POSITION
SENSOR.

SEF555N
Yes

CHECK IGNITION TIMING.

(ij\
1.Warm upengine sufficiently.
~ 2.Select "IGNTIMING ADJ"in
"WORK SUPPORT" mode.
3. Touch "START".
4. Check ignition timingatidle
using timing light.

Ignition timing:
15°::f:2° BTDC

~ 1Warm upengine sufficiently.

~ 2:
Stop engine anddisconnect
throttle position sensorhar-
ness connector.
3. Start engine.
4. Check ignition timingatidle
using timing light.

Ignition timing:
15°::f:2° BTDC
OK

(Go to
@
onnext page.) Adjust
ignition timingby
turning distributor.

EC-271

I!]
CHECK IDLEADJ. SCREW INITIALSET
NG
Adjust engine speedby

---..

RPM.
turningidleadjusting

00
1.
Select "IGNTIMING ADJ"in screw.
"WORK SUPPORT" mode.
2. When touching "START",
does engine speedfallto
750:!: 50rpm
(AfT
in
"N"
posi-
tion)?
OR

00
Does
engine runat750:!: 50rpm

(AfT
In
"N"
position)?
OK
Reconnect throttleposition sensorhar-
ness connector.

Ii
CHECK THROTTLE POSITIONSENSOR
NG
Adjust outputvoltage to

IDLE POSITION.
---..

0.50Vbyrotating throttle

00
1.
Perform ''THRTLPOSSEN
positionsensorbody.
ADJ" in"WORK SUPPORT"

1

mode.
2. Check thatoutput voltage of

RESETIDLEPOSITION

throttle position sensoris

MEMORY.

approx. 0.35to0.65V (Throttle
1.Warm upengine suffi-
valve fullycloses.) and"CLSD ciently.
2. Turn ignition switch
THLIPOSI" stays"ON".
"OFF"andwait at
OR least5seconds.

00
Measure
outputvoltage ofthrot- 3.
Disconnect throttle
position sensorhar-
tie position sensorusing
nessconnector.
voltmeter, andcheck thatitis

4.
Start engine andwait
approx. 0.35toO.65V. (Throttle at
least 5seconds in
"N" position.
valve fullyclosed.)
5.Reconnect throttle
OK • position
sensorhar-
ness connector while
running engine.
~
1

,

THRTL
POSSEN O,52V

SEF165P

•••
ADJMONITOR •••

TROUBLE
DIAGNOSIS -General Description
Basic Inspection (Cont'd)

@

========
MONITOR
========

CMPS.RPM (REF)Orpm
CLSDTHUP ON

Ii
•
THRTL POSSENADJ
.0

I!]

•IGN TIMING ADJ.

0

IGNITION TIMINGFEEDBACK
CONTROL WILLBEHELD BY
TOUCHING START
AFTER DOING SO,ADJUST
IGNITION TIMINGWITHA
TIMING LIGHTBYTURNING
THE CAMSHAFT POSITION
SENSOR

I
START

I

SEF546N

CID

(Go tonext page)

EC-272

TROUBLEDIAGNOSIS -General Description
Symptom MatrixChart(Cont'd)

SYMPTOM

z

0

1=


0::
Z
W

w w

CJ

..J
W

0
Z

CJ
W
..J

1=
0
0::
0::
()

9
5
Q.

1=

::::>
()

z
:2
I

i='
en

I

5
::;
Q.

()

is'
0

;:::
CJ

::::>

:2

0::

~
0::

:r:
z
w

en
::::>

SYSTEM
..J

0
0
en

z
w

Reference

0
Q.

W
e;

w
en

0

- ECCS system

~
....

en
0

..J
Z

9-
0

z

Z

0::
Q.

9
a:
()

0

2-
page

....

....

ii:
..J

U

....

Z
CJ

0::
..J
W

0
W

..J
0

en

..J

u-
s:
.... ::.:::

0

::::>

0
z


W
..J

U
u-

e;

....
w

Z
0

z
0
w
z

(/)
en
w

en
0::
..J

....
Q.

W
::::>

w
w

....
..J

0::
0

0 0
9

en
0

0::
Z

0::0::
0::
>>

0


>-

~
u-

::::>::.:::

u:

enen
0

I

Z Z

W
0
....

u:

w
W

0::

2i 2i
I

Z
W
::.:::

0::
z
en

(/)

I
()

()

w

CJ

e;
....
::.:::
0:: 0::

::.:::

w w

W
0::
0::
0::

1=

0::
0::

::::>
en
()

()

....
e;

uu
w
w
w

0

Z
w

0

Q.

u-

Z
x x

> >>

I I
0::
W
I
..J
Z
(/)

1Il
w
w w
000
1Il

11\ 18
1C 1F
1H 1R
1S1M 1J1L1K

1T
1V1N 1P1X

1Y

ECCS Camshaft
positionsensorcircuit

•
0
0

••
0
000 0
EC-289
Mass airflow sensor circuit

•••
•••
0
00

•
EC-293
Heated oxygen sensorcircuit
••

••
0
00

•
EC-362
Engine coolant temperature sensor

••• ••
•

•
0

0
0

•
EC-297
circuit
Throttle positionsensorcircuit

••
••
• •
EC-309
Incorrect fhrottleposition sensor

0
•
0

0

•
0

0
EC-272
adjustment
Vehicle speedsensor circuit

000
0
EC-314
Knock sensor circuit

00
0 0
EC-306
ECM
0
0

0
0
00000
0
00 0
EC-270
Start signal circuit

00
EC-317
Park/Neutral positionswitchcircuit

000
0
EC-357
Power steering oilpressure switchcir-

0
0

EC-354
cuit
•

• ;High Possibility Item

0;
Low Possibility Item

EC-275
(continued
onnext page)

TROUBLEDIAGNOSIS -General Descrip_tio_n
1s_R_1

Symptom MatrixChart(Cont'd)

SYMPTOM

z

0

i=

«

W

a:

z

w
w
w
CJ
CJ
....J
....J
0

Z

a:

w
i=
0

a:
(.)

9

8
«

0.. i=
:I:

::J
(.)

z

:2

i='
en

«
:I:

8
:J
0..

(.)

Q
0

f:::.
CJ

:J

:2

a:
a:

:E
z
w

en

SYSTEM
....J

~
0
0
en

z
:J

w

Reference

0
0..

W
a

w
en

Cl

- Engine mechanical
&
other
I-

en
0

z
0

z
z

S:?-
a: 0..
....J

e-
(.)

0
page

I-
«

l-

ii.
9

~
....J
(.)

2-

a:
~
«

w
0
z

w
CJ

Cl

....J ....J

:.:::
0

:J
....J

Z

«
....J
u.

~
I-

(.)
u..
0

a
«

I-
w

«
Z
0
z

enen

w

en
a:
....J

I-
0..
Z

0

WW

:J
W
W

I-
....J

a:
Cl

0 0
9

en
0

a:

z

a:a:
a:
> >
«
0

«

>-

i=
u..

:J
:.:::

ii:

enen
0

:I:

Z Z

W

0
l-

ii:

w w

a:

Ci Ci
:I:

Z
«

w
:.:::

a:
z
en
en
:I:

(.)

(.)

w

CJ

a
I-

:.:::
a:a:

:.:::

w

a
w
w
a:
a:a:
~
a:
a:
:J

en
(.)

«
(.)

I-
(.)

(.)
w

w
w

« «

0

z
w

«
0

0..
«
u..

Z
x x

>>>
«

:I: :I:

a:
w
:I:

....J
Z

en
(l)

«
w w
w
00 0
(l)

1A 1B
1C 1F1H
1R 1S
1M 1J1L1K

1T

1V
1N
1P1X 1Y
Fuel Fueltank

00 0

Fuel piping

00 0000 000
0

Vapor lock

00

Valve deposit

000 000 00 0

Poor fuel(Heavy weightgasoline. Low

0000 00 00
0
-

octane)
Air Airduct

00 00 0

Air cleaner

0
0
00 0

Air leakage fromairduct

00 00 00 0
0 0
0

(Mass airflow sensor -throttle body)
Throttle body.Throttle wire

•
•
•

•
• •
•
FE
section
Air leakage fromintake
manifoldl

00 0

•
0
0 0
00 0
-

Coliector/Gasket
Cranking Battery

0
0
00 0
0 0
0

0

Alternator circuit

00
00
0
0 0
00
EL
section
Starter circuit

••

Flywheel
•
0

-

Inhibitor switch

00

ATsection
Engine Cylinderhead

•
0

•
•

••

•
0
0

Cylinder headgasket

•
0

()

•
0

•
0
0
00

Cylinder block

•
0

()

0 00 0 00

Piston
•
0
0

•
0
0

•
0
0

Piston ring

•
0
00 0
0 0 00

Connecting rod

00 00
00 0 0

Bearing
000 000 0
0

Crankshaft
00
0 0
0
0 0
0

Valve Timingchain

•
0
0

••
•
0
0 0

mechanism Camshaft

•
0

•• •
0
0 0

Intake valve

•
0
00 0
0

•
0
0
0

Exhaust valve

•
0
00 00 0000

Hydraulic lashadjuster

0000
'0
0 0
-

Exhaust Exhaust
manifoldlTube/Mulfler/Gasket

00
00 0
0
00
0 0

Three waycatalyst

•
0
0

•
0
0 000 0

Lubrication Oilpan/Oil strainer/Oil pump/Oilfilterl

000
0
0 0
0

Oil gallery
••

Oil level (Low)/Filthy oil

00 0000
0 0
0

Cooling Radiator/Hose/Radiator fillercap

00
0 00
0 0 00

Thermostat
00
00 0
0 00 0
00

Water pump

000 000 0 0
0

Water gallery

00 00 00
0 0
0

Cooling fan

00 0
00
0 0
0 0
0
0

Coolant level(low)/Contaminated cool-

00
0000
0 0
0

ant
• ;High Possibility Item
0; Low Possibility Item

EC-276

TROUBLEDIAGNOSIS -General Description
CONSULT Reference ValueinData Monitor
Mode

Remarks:
• Specification dataarereference values.
• Specification dataareoutput/input valueswhicharedetected orsupplied bythe ECM atthe connec-
tor.

*
Specification datamaynotbedirectly relatedtotheir components signals/values/operations.
(Le., Adjust ignition timingwithatiming lightbefore monitoring IGNTIMING. Specification datamight
be displayed evenwhen ignition timingisnot adjusted tospecification. ThisIGNTIMING moni-
tors thedata calculated bythe ECM according tothe input signals fromthecamshaft position
sensor andother ignition timingrelated sensors.)
• Ifthe real-time diagnosis resultsareNG, andtheon-board diagnostic systemresultsareOK, when •
diagnosing themass airflow sensor, firstcheck tosee ifthe fuel pump control circuitisnormal.

MONITOR ITEM CONDITION
SPECIFICATION
CMPS.RPM (REF)•
Tachometer: Connect Almostthesame speed asthe CON-
• Run engine andcompare tachometer indicationwiththeCONSULT value.SULTvalue.
• Engine: Afterwarming up
Idle 1.3-1.7V
MAS AIR/FL SE •
Air conditioner switch:OFF
• Shift lever: "N"
• No-load 2,000
rpm 1.7-2.1V
COOLAN TEMPIS •
Engine: Afterwarming up More
than70°C (15S0F)
02 SEN 0-
0.3V .....0.6 -1.0V
• Engine: Afterwarming up Maintaining
enginespeedat2,000
LEAN
+-->
RICH
MIR
FIC
MNT rpm
Changesmorethan5times
during 10seconds.
VHCL SPEED SE•
Turn drive wheels andcompare speedometer indicationwiththeCONSULT Almostthesame speed as
value the
CONSULT value
BATTERY VOLT •
Ignition switch:ON(Engine stopped) 11
-14V
• Ignition switch:ON Throttle
valvefullyclosed
0.35-0.65V
THRTL
pas
SEN
(Enginestopped)
Throttlevalvefullyopened Approx.4.0V
START SIGNAL •
Ignition switch:ON
->
START
->
ON OFF

->
ON
->
OFF
Throttle valve:
ON
• Ignition switch:ON Idle
position
CLSD THLIPOSI
(Enginestopped)
Throttlevalve:
Slightly open OFF
Air conditioner switch:OFF OFF
AIR COND SIG •
Engine: Afterwarming up,idle the
engine Air
conditioner switch:ON
ON
(Compressor operates)
Shift lever "P"or"N" ON
PIN POSI SW •
Ignition switch:ON
Exceptabove OFF

EC-277

TROUBLEDIAGNOSIS -General Description
Major Sensor Reference GraphinData Monitor
Mode

•

SEF673Q

-00"09
+02"69

51,
38
THRTL
POSSEN

10:22 xO.1V

o
13 2,6

~
\

.

I
-00"09
+02"69

ON
OfF
Full {~
Release
Full {
Depress

The
following arethemajor sensor reference graphsin"DATA MONITOR" mode.
(Select "HISPEED" in"DATA MONITOR" withCONSULT.)

THRTL POSSEN, CLSD THLIPOSI

Below isthe data for"THRTL
pas
SEN" and"CLSD THLIPOSI" whendepressing theaccelerator pedal
with theignition switch"ON".
The signal of"THRTL
pas
SEN" should risegradually withoutanyintermittent droporrise after "CLSD
THLIPOSI" ischanged from"ON" to"OFF".

CLSD THUPOSI

10:22

CMPS.RPM (REF),MASAIR/FL SE,THRTL POSSEN, 02SEN, INJPULSE

Below isthe data for"CMPS.RPM (REF)","MASAIR/FL SE","THRTL
pas
SEN", "02SEN" and"INJ
PULSE" whenrevving quicklyupto
4,800
rpmunder noload after warming upengine sufficiently.
Each value isfor reference, theexact value mayvary.

E

c.

-8~

u..~

w><

0:

~

Q.
co_

o: ~

en
lO .....,..

Q.C\j

:EOio

()o •
....

,
.

.....
'"

,
...
,
...
""
..
,

............

<',••""", ..,.. ' ,
d _.
•
"CMPS'RPM{REF)" shouldincrease gradually
while depressing theaccelerator pedaland
should decrease graduallyafterreleasing
the pedal without anyintermittent droporrise,

>

:;re-
><

w

(J)

-"
....•

!o!::
C')_

0: ~

C{LO

(J)C\j

"",0>0

",,0
It.
/

....

.0"

.':

"'-",••'\o, "", .".~_•••• _ _.
•
"MAS AIRIFL SE"should increase when
depressing theaccelerator pedalandshould
decrease atthe moment "THRTLPOSSEN" is
closed (accelerator pedalisreleased),
SEF059P
EC-279

TROUBLEDIAGNOSIS -General Description
Major Sensor Reference Graphin
Mode (Cont'd)
m:J

Data Monitor

<0
,...

..-

0
<0
lO

0
~

9
0

+


"

l')

>
•
"THRTL pasSEN" should increase while

..-
<0

0
C\l

depressingtheaccelerator pedelandshould

z
x

w decreasewhilereleasing it.

en
en
l')

0
...

a..

...J ~

I-
lO

0:
C\l

:I:
Oi
0

A

I-
0

<0
,...

m.

0
<0

~ ~
C\l

+

C\l
0>

> 0
to

ci
C\l

X

.----v-.
_...:-------
•
''02 SEN" mayincrease immediately after
depressing theaccelerator pedelandmay

"""
.

decreaseafterreleasing thepedal .

<0

z

w
en
lO

I--
---....
---

C\l
C\l

Oi

0
00

A

<0
,...

0
<0

0

b
~
C\l

9
0

+

II)

c..>
:~.
w

en
;!-

~
•"INJ PULSE" shouldincrease whendepressing
w
II)

the
accelerator pedalandshould decrease

en
whenthepedal isreleased .
...J

j

~-

::>

a..
lO

'.
.-'\

C\l
\
.

~
Oi

z
0
0
A
SEF259QA
EC-280