sensor VOLVO XC90 TWIN ENGINE 2018 Service Manual

DRIVER SUPPORT
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311
Pilot Assist
Pilot Assist helps the driver keep the vehicle in
the current traffic lane by providing steering
assistance and maintaining an even speed and a
set time interval to the vehicle ahead.
How Pilot Assist worksThe Pilot Assist function is primarily intended for
use on highways and other major roads where it
can help provide a more comfortable and relaxing
driving experience. The camera/radar sensor monitors the distance to the
vehicle ahead and detects lane markings
62
. Camera and radar sensor
Distance monitor
Lane marker line monitors The driver sets the desired speed and distance to
the vehicle ahead. Pilot Assist monitors the dis-
tance to the vehicle ahead and the traffic lane's
side markers using the camera and radar sensor.
The system maintains the set time interval to the
vehicle ahead by automatically adjusting your
vehicle's speed and keeps your vehicle in its lane
by providing steering assistance.
Pilot Assist's steering assistance is based on
monitoring the direction of the vehicle ahead and
the traffic lane's side marker lines. The driver can
override Pilot Assist's steering recommendations
at any time and steer in another direction, e.g. to
change lanes or avoid obstacles on the road.
If the camera/radar sensor cannot detect the
lane's side marker lines or if Pilot Assist is unable
for some other reason to clearly interpret the
lane, Pilot Assist will temporarily deactivate steer-
ing assistance until it can once again interpret
the lane markings. However, the speed and dis-
tance warnings will remain active.
WARNING
Pilot Assist is deactivated automatically and
resumes working without prior notice. The color of the steering wheel
symbol indicates the current
status of steering assistance:
• GREEN indicates that steer-
ing assistance is active
• GRAY (as shown in illustra-
tion) indicates that steering assistance is deacti-
vated. 62
Note: This illustration is general and details may vary depending on mod\
el.

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312
WARNING
•
The Pilot Assist function is supplementary
driver support intended to facilitate driv-
ing and help make it safer – it cannot
handle all situations in all traffic, weather
and road conditions.
• The driver is advised to read all sections
in the Owner's Manual about this function
to learn of its limitations, which the driver
must be aware of before using the func-
tion (see the link list at the end of this
article).
• Pilot Assist should only be used if there
are clear lane lines painted on each side
of the lane. All other use will increase the
risk of contact with nearby obstacles that
cannot be detected by the functions.
• Pilot Assist is not a substitute for the driv-
er's attention and judgment. The driver is
always responsible for ensuring the vehi-
cle is driven in a safe manner, at the
proper position within the lane, at the
appropriate speed, with an appropriate
distance to other vehicles, and in accord-
ance with current traffic rules and regula-
tions.NOTE Depending on market, this function may be
either Standard or Optional.
Pilot Assist regulates speed by accelerating and
braking. It is normal for the brakes to emit a slight
sound when they are being used to adjust speed.
Pilot Assist attempts to smoothly regulate speed.
The driver must apply the brakes in situations
requiring immediate braking. For example, when
there are great differences in speed between
vehicles or if the vehicle ahead brakes suddenly.
Due to limitations in the camera and radar sen-
sor, braking may occur unexpectedly or not at all.
Pilot Assist is designed to follow a vehicle ahead
in the same lane and maintain a time interval to
that vehicle set by the driver. If the radar sensor
does not detect a vehicle ahead, it will instead
maintain the speed set by the driver. This will also
happen if the speed of the vehicle ahead
exceeds the set speed for your vehicle.
• Pilot Assist can follow another vehicle at
speeds from a standstill up to 200 km/h
(125 mph).
• Pilot Assist can provide steering assistance
from near-stationary speeds up to 140 km/h
(87 mph).WARNING •
Pilot Assist is not a collision avoidance
system. The driver must intervene if the
system fails to detect a vehicle ahead.
• Pilot Assist does not brake for people,
animals, objects, small vehicles (e.g.
cycles and motorcycles), low trailers as
well as oncoming, slow or stationary vehi-
cles.
• Do not use Pilot Assist in demanding sit-
uations, such as in city traffic, at intersec-
tions, on slippery surfaces, with a lot of
water or slush on the road, in heavy rain/
snow, in poor visibility, on winding roads,
on highway on- or off-ramps, or with a
trailer connected to the vehicle.
CAUTION Maintenance of the integrated components in
Pilot Assist may only be performed by a work-
shop – an authorized Volvo workshop is rec-
ommended.
In curves and forks in the roadPilot Assist is designed to interact with the driver.
The driver should never wait for steering assis-
tance from Pilot Assist, but instead should always
be ready to increase his or her own steering
efforts, particularly in curves.

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320
Automatic standby mode
Pilot Assist is dependent on other systems, such
as Electronic Stability Control (ESC
66
). If any of
these other systems stops working, Pilot Assist
will automatically switch off.
WARNING With automatic standby mode, the driver is
warned by an acoustic signal and a message
on the instrument panel.
•
The driver must then regulate vehicle
speed, apply the brakes if necessary, and
maintain a safe distance to other vehicles.
Adaptive Cruise Control may go into standby
mode if, e.g.:
• the driver opens the door.
• the brake temperature is high.
• the driver's hands are not on the steering
wheel.
• the parking brake is applied.
• the engine speed (rpm) is too low/high.
• the driver unbuckles the seat belt.
• one or more of the wheels lose traction.
• the camera/radar sensor is covered by snow
or heavy rain (the camera lens/radar waves
are blocked) •
your vehicle's speed goes below 5 km/h
(3 mph) and Pilot Assist cannot determine if
the vehicle ahead is stationary or if it is
another object, e.g. a speed bump.
• your vehicle's speed goes under 5 km/h
(3 mph) and the vehicle ahead turns so that
Pilot Assist no longer has a vehicle to follow.
Reactivating Pilot Assist from standby
mode Note: This illustration is general and details may vary
depending on model.
To reactivate Pilot Assist:
–
Press the button on the steering wheel
(1).
>

Speed will be set to the most recently
stored speed.
WARNING A noticeable increase in speed may follow
when the speed is resumed with the
steering wheel button.
Related information
•
Pilot Assist (p. 311) 66
Electronic Stability Control

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* Option/accessory.
324 The driver is responsible for ensuring that
the vehicle maintains a suitable distance
from such obstacles.
• The camera and radar sensors do not
have the capacity to detect all oncoming
objects and obstacles in traffic environ-
ments, e.g. potholes, stationary obstacles
or objects that completely or partially
block the route.
• Pilot Assist does not "see" pedestrians,
animals, etc.
• The recommended steering input is lim-
ited in force, which means that it cannot
always help the driver to steer and keep
the vehicle within the lane.
• Pilot Assist is switched off if the power
steering is working with reduced power -
e.g. during cooling due to overheating
(see section "Speed-dependent steering
force").
The driver can always correct or adjust steering
assistance provided by Pilot Assist by turning the
steering wheel to the desired position.
Steep roads and/or heavy loadsPilot Assist is primarily intended to be driven on
flat roads. The function may not be able to main-
tain the correct time interval to the vehicle ahead
when driving down steep hills. The driver should be extra attentive and prepared to apply the
brakes.
• Do not use Pilot Assist if the vehicle is carry-
ing a heavy load or towing a trailer.
NOTE Pilot Assist cannot be activated if a trailer,
bike carrier or similar is connected to the
vehicle electrical system.
Other limitations
•
The
Off Road drive mode cannot be
selected when Pilot Assist is activated.
NOTE The function uses the vehicle's camera unit,
which has some general limitations – see the
section "Camera unit limitations".
NOTE
The function uses the vehicle's radar unit,
which has some general limitations – see the
section "Radar unit limitations".
Related information
•
Pilot Assist (p. 311)
• Speed-dependent steering wheel resistance
(p. 272) Pilot Assist* symbols and messages
A number of symbols and messages relating to
Pilot Assist may be displayed in the instrument
panel and/or the head-up display*.

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* Option/accessory.
326 The previous illustration
69
shows that Pilot Assist
is set to maintain a speed of 110 km/h (68 mph)
and that there is no target vehicle ahead to fol-
low.
In this example, Pilot Assist will provide steering
assistance because it can detect the lane's side
marking lines.
Related information
• Pilot Assist (p. 311) Radar sensor
The radar sensor is used by several driver sup-
port systems to detect other vehicles. Note: This illustration is general and details may vary
depending on model.
The radar sensor is used by the following func-
tions:
• Distance Alert*
• Adaptive Cruise Control*
• Lane Keeping Aid
• Pilot Assist*
• City Safety
Any modifications to the radar sensor may make
its use illegal.
Related information
• Radar sensor limitations (p. 327)
• Recommended maintenance for the radar
sensor (p. 330)
• Radar sensor type approval (p. 330) 69
Note: This illustration is general and details may vary depending on mod\
el.

DRIVER SUPPORT
}}
327
Radar sensor limitations
The radar sensor used by several of the driver
support functions has certain limitations, which
also affect the functions using the radar sensor.
Obstructed camera The area marked in the illustration must be kept free of
decals, objects, solar film, etc.
70 The radar sensor is located on the upper interior
section of the windshield along with the camera.
CAUTION Do not place, affix or mount anything on the
inside or outside of the windshield, or in front
of or around the camera and radar unit – this
could disrupt camera and radar-based func-
tions.
It could cause functions to be reduced, deac-
tivated completely or produce an incorrect
function response. If this symbol and the message
"
Windscreen sensor Sensor
blocked, see Owner's manual" is
displayed in the instrument panel, it
means that the camera and radar sensor are
unable to detect other vehicles, cyclists, pedes-
trians and large animals in front of the vehicle
and that the vehicle's camera and radar-based
functions may be obstructed, reduced, completely
disabled or providing inaccurate responses. The following table shows some of the situations that can cause the mess\
age to be displayed, and suggested actions:
Cause
Action
The area of the windshield in front of the camera/radar sensor is dirty \
or
covered by ice or snow. Clean the windshield in front of the camera/radar sensor and remove dirt\
, ice
and snow.
Thick fog, heavy rain or snow is blocking the radar signals or the camer\
a's
range of visibility. No action. Heavy precipitation may sometimes prevent the camera/radar se\
nsor
from functioning.70
Note: This illustration is general and details may vary depending on mod\
el.

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328
Cause
Action
Water or snow is spraying/swirling up and blocking the radar signals or
the camera's range of visibility. No action. Very wet or snow-covered roads may sometimes prevent the cam-\
era/radar sensor from functioning.
There is dirt between the inside of the windshield and the camera/radar
sensor. Consult a workshop to have the area of the windshield on the inside of t\
he cam-
era's casing cleaned. An authorized Volvo workshop is recommended.
NOTEKeep the windshield in front of the camera
and radar unit clean.
Vehicle speedThe radar sensor's ability to detect a vehicle
ahead is significantly reduced if:
• the speed of the vehicle ahead differs greatly
from your vehicle's speed
Limited field of visionThe radar sensor has a limited field of vision. In
some situations, it may detect a vehicle later than
expected or not at all. The radar sensor's field of vision.
The radar sensor's detection of vehicles very
close to your vehicle may be delayed in cer-
tain situations, e.g. if a vehicle pulls inbetween your vehicle and the vehicle directly
ahead. Small vehicles, such as motorcycles, or vehi-
cles that are not driving in the center of the
lane may remain undetected.
In curves, the radar may detect the wrong
vehicle or lose sight of a target vehicle.
Low trailers
Low trailer in the radar shadow.
Low trailers may also be difficult or even impossi-
ble for the radar to detect. The driver should be
extra alert when driving behind vehicles towing
low trailers when Adaptive Cruise Control or Pilot
Assist is activated.

DRIVER SUPPORT
329
High temperaturesIf the temperature in the passenger compartment
is very high, the camera/radar sensor will switch
off temporarily for approx. 15 minutes after the
engine is started to protect its electronic compo-
nents. When the temperature has cooled suffi-
ciently, the camera/radar sensor will automati-
cally restart.Damaged windshield
CAUTIONIf there are cracks, scratches or stone chips
on the windshield in front of any of the cam-
era and radar unit "windows" and this covers
an area of about 0.5 × 3.0 mm
(0.02 × 0.12 in.) or more, contact a workshop
to have the windshield replaced – an author-
ized Volvo workshop is recommended.
Failure to take action could result in reduced
performance for the driver support systems
that use the camera and radar unit.
It could cause functions to be reduced, deac-
tivated completely or produce an incorrect
function response.
To avoid the risk of loss of function, malfunc-
tion or reduced function of the driver support
systems that use the radar unit, the following
also apply:
• Volvo advises against repairing cracks,
scratches or stone chips in the area in
front of the camera and radar unit – the
entire windshield should instead be
replaced.
• Before replacing the windshield, contact
an authorized Volvo workshop to verify
that the right windshield has been
ordered and installed. •
The same type of windshield wipers or
wipers approved by Volvo should be used
for replacement.
CAUTION If the windshield is replaced, the camera and
radar unit must be recalibrated by a workshop
to help ensure proper functioning of all of the
vehicle's camera and radar-based systems –
an authorized Volvo workshop is recom-
mended.
Related information
•
Radar sensor (p. 326)

DRIVER SUPPORT
330Recommended maintenance for the
radar sensor
In order for the camera/radar sensor to function
properly, the area of the windshield in front of the
unit must be kept free of dirt, ice, snow, etc. and
should be washed regularly with water and car
washing detergent.
NOTE
Dirt, ice and snow covering the camera and
radar unit reduce their function and can make
measurement impossible.
It could cause functions to be reduced, deac-
tivated completely or produce an incorrect
function response.
Related information
•
Radar sensor (p. 326) Radar sensor type approval
The type approval for the vehicle radar sensor in
the ACC 71
, PA 72
and BLIS 73
functions can be
read here.
ACC 71
, PA 72
and BLIS 73USA & Canada:
FCC ID: L2C0054TR IC: 3432A-0054TR
FCC ID: L2C0055TR IC: 3432A-0055TR
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC
Rules and with Industry Canada license-exempt
RSS standard(s).
Operation is subject to the following two
conditions:
(1) This device may not cause harmful
interference, and
(2) This device must accept any interference
received, including interference that may cause
undesired operation.
Cet appareil est conforme aux CNR d

DRIVER SUPPORT
* Option/accessory.331
Camera
The camera is used by several driver support
systems to e.g. detect lane marker lines or road
signs. Note: This illustration is general and details may vary
depending on model.
The camera is used by the following functions:
• Adaptive Cruise Control*
• Pilot Assist*
• Lane Keeping Aid*
• Steering assistance at risk of collision
• City Safety
• Driver Alert Control*
• Road Sign Information*
• Active high beams*
Related information
•Camera limitations (p. 332)
• Recommended maintenance for the camera/
radar sensor (p. 335)