wheel LAND ROVER DEFENDER 1996 Manual Online

57STEERING
8
REPAIRREV: 05/99 LOWER STEERING SHAFT AND UNIVERSAL
JOINTS
Service repair no - 57.40.16
Remove
1.Remove vehicle bonnet.
2.Set road wheels and steering wheel in straight
ahead position.
3.Mark relationship of steering column inner shaft
to top universal joint.
4.Remove 2 bolts from top universal joint.
5.Remove lower bolt from bottom universal joint.
6.Slacken upper bolt of lower universal joint and
withdraw shaft.
7.Inspect upper and lower universal joints for wear
and excessive play, renew if necessary.
8.Inspect universal joints for stiffness, lubricate if
necessary.Refit
9.Fit universal joints so pinch bolt holes line up
with flat on shaft. Note that the long joint is fitted
to short length of shaft and short joint to long
end.
10.With steering lock engaged and road wheels in
straight ahead position, line up assembly marks.
11.Position shaft assembly onto steering column.
Move assembly up spline to enable lower
universal joint to fit onto steering box splines.
12.Align bolt holes with grooves in splines. Fit pinch
bolts and tighten to
25 Nm (18 lbf/ft).
STEERING WHEEL
Service repair no - 57.60.01
Remove
1.Set road wheels and steering wheel in straight
ahead position.
2.Prise decal from steering wheel pad.
3.Remove retaining nut and shakeproof washer.
Make alignment marks on column and wheel
pad.
4.Withdraw steering wheel from column spline.
Refit
5.Turn indicator cancelling ring so that slots are
vertical and lug with arrow points to the left, in
direction of indicator switch.
6.Ensure front road wheels are in straight ahead
position.
7.Fit steering wheel with finisher attachment lug at
the bottom, ensuring indicator cancelling forks
locate in cancelling ring slots. Align assembly
marks.
8.Secure wheel with retaining nut and new
shakeproof washer. Tighten to
43 Nm (32 lbf/ft).

STEERING
9
REPAIR REV: 05/99 STEERING COLUMN LOCK
Service repair no - 57.40.28
Remove
1.Disconnect battery.
2.Set road wheels in straight ahead position.
3.Remove steering wheel
See Steering wheel.
4.Remove instrument panel
See INSTRUMENTS,
Repair, Instrument panel
.
5.Remove steering column nacelle
See Steering
column nacelle
.
6.Note position of harness leads on back of starter
switch and disconnect lucars. If fitted, remove
alarm system passive coil from switch
See
ELECTRICAL, Repair, Vehicle immobilisation
and alarm system
.
7.Using a punch or stud extractor remove 2 shear
bolts securing steering lock/starter switch to
column.
8.Remove steering lock and collect 2 washers
between lock and clamp.
Refit
9.Fit steering lock/switch in position and line up
with switch plunger.
10.Secure lock to column with clamp and new shear
bolts. Evenly tighten bolts but do not shear them.
11.Temporarily fit steering wheel and operate lock
and switch mechanism to ensure it functions
correctly.
12.Fully tighten retaining bolts until heads shear.
13.Connect harness leads to rear of starter switch.
If applicable, fit alarm system passive coil
See
ELECTRICAL, Repair, Vehicle immobilisation
and alarm system
.14.Fit steering column nacelle
See Steering
column nacelle
.
15.Fit instrument panel
See INSTRUMENTS,
Repair, Instrument panel
.
16.Fit steering wheel
See Steering wheel.
17.Reconnect battery.

57STEERING
10
REPAIR STEERING COLUMN NACELLE
Service repair no - 57.40.29
Remove
1.Disconnect battery.
2.Remove steering wheel
See Steering wheel.
3.Remove 5 screws and 2 self tapping screws and
lift top half of nacelle from steeering column
switch assembly.
4.Ease bottom half of nacelle from switch
gaiters/grommets. Remove lower nacelle.
Refit
5.Locate top half of nacelle in position and fit to
switch assembly gaiters/grommets.
6.Locate lower half of nacelle and loosely fit
retaining screws.
7.Ensure switch gaiters/grommets are correctly
located and nacelle is aligned with switch
assembly brackets.
8.Fully tighten screws.
9.Fit steering wheel
See Steering wheel.
10.Reconnect battery.DROP ARM
Service repair no - 57.50.14
Remove
1.Park vehicle on level surface and chock rear
wheels.
2.Raise vehicle and locate axle stands or use a
ramp.
3.Disconnect steering damper from drag link
See
Steering damper
.
4.Disconnect drag link ball joint from drop arm
using extractorLRT-57-018.
5.Mark drop arm and steering box for reassembly.
6.Bend back tabs on locking washer, slacken
retaining nut, but do not remove.
7.Fit extractorLRT-57-012and release drop arm
from steering box spline.

57STEERING
12
REPAIR STEERING DAMPER
Service repair no - 57.55.21
Remove
1.Park vehicle on level ground and chock rear
wheels.
2.Raise vehicle and locate axle stands or use a
ramp.
3.Remove bolt securing steering damper to drag
link bracket.
4.Remove retaining nuts, washers and rubber
bush securing damper to chassis mounting.
5.Withdraw damper.
6.Check rubber bushes and washers, renew if
necessary.Refit
7.Ensuring rubber bushes and washers are
correctly positioned, fit steering damper to
chassis mounting.
8.Fit damper to drag link bracket.
9.Remove axle stands or vehicle from ramp.

STEERING
13
REPAIR REV: 05/99 TRACK ROD AND LINKAGE
Service repair no - 57.55.09
Remove
1.Park vehicle on level ground and chock rear
wheels.
2.Raise vehicle and locate axle stands or use a
ramp.
3.Centralise steering
See Adjustment,
Centralise steering box
.
4.Unscrew 2 bolts and remove track rod protection
bracket from axle differential housing.
5.Remove split pin and castellated nut securing
track rod to swivel housing arms.
6.Disconnect track rod ball joints using
LRT-57-018.
7.Remove track rod.
8.Slacken clamp bolts.
9.Unscrew ball joints.

57STEERING
14
REPAIRREV: 05/99 Refit
10.Fit new ball joints to track rod and loosely tighten
clamp bolts.
11.Screw in ball joints to full extent of threads and
fully tighten clamp bolts.
CAUTION: A track rod that is damaged or
bent must be renewed. DO NOT attempt to
repair or straighten it.
12.Fit track rod to swivel housing arms and tighten
ball joint nuts to
40 Nm (30 lbf/ft).Fit new split
pin.
13.Fit track rod protection bracket to axle differential
housing.
14.Check wheel alignment
See Adjustment,
Front wheel alignment
.
15.Remove axle stands or vehicle from ramp.

STEERING
15
REPAIR REV: 05/99 DRAG LINK AND DRAG LINK ENDS
Service repair no - 57.55.17
Remove
1.Park vehicle on level ground and chock rear
wheels.
2.Set road wheels in straight ahead position.
3.Raise vehicle and fit axle stands or use a ramp.4.Remove front road wheel.
5.Disconnect steering damper at drag link bracket.
6.Remove split pin and castellated nut securing
drag link ball joint to swivel housing arm.
7.Disconnect drag link ball joints using
LRT-57-018.
8.Remove drag link.
9.Slacken clamp bolts.
10.Unscrew ball joints and remove from drag link.
11.Clean internal threads of drag link.
12.Fit new ends to drag link and loosely fit clamp
bolts.
13.Set ball joints to drag link measurement to 28,5
mm.
14.Adjust ball pin centres to nominal length of 924
mm, this length is adjusted during refit.

57STEERING
16
REPAIR 15.Centralise steering box
See Adjustment,
Centralise steering box
.
16.Align steering wheel, if necessary.
CAUTION: A drag link that is damaged or
bent must be renewed. DO NOT attempt
repair.
17.Fit drag link to swivel housing arms and tighten
nuts to
40 Nm (30 lbf/ft).Fit new split pins.
18.Ensure full steering travel is obtained between
lock stops
See Adjustment, Steering lock
stops
. Adjust drag link length to suit.
19.Tap ball joints in direction shown so both pins
are in same angular plane.
20.Tighten clamp bolts to
14 Nm (10 lbf/ft).
21.Refit road wheel and remove axle stands or
vehicle from ramp.
22.Road test vehicle.
23.If driving straight ahead and steering wheel is
offset by 0°±5°in either direction, correct by
adjusting drag link length.
WARNING: To correct steering wheel
deviations greater than±5°remove and
reposition steering wheel
See Steering
wheel
.

STEERING
1
SPECIFICATIONS, TORQUE REV: 05/99 TORQUE VALUES
NOTE: Torque wrenches should be regularly checked for accuracy to ensure that all fixings are
tightened to the correct torque.
Nm
Ball joint nuts 40..............................................................................................
Clamp bolt nuts 9...........................................................................................
Steering column bracket nuts 22....................................................................
Steering wheel nut 43.....................................................................................
Tie bar to mounting nut 110.............................................................................
Universal joint pinch bolt 25............................................................................
PAS box
Adjuster locknut 60.................................................................................
Drop arm nut 176....................................................................................
Sector shaft cover to steering box 75.....................................................
Steering box to chassis 81.....................................................................
Steering box fluid pipes 14mm thread 15...............................................
Steering box fluid pipes 16mm thread 20...............................................
Tie bar 81...............................................................................................
PAS pump
High pressure fluid pipe 20.....................................................................
Power steering pump mounting 35.........................................................
Pulley bolts, power steering pump 10....................................................
Hose clamp 3........................................................................................
Front mounting plate bolts 9..................................................................
PAS reservoir
Hose clamp 3........................................................................................
* Torque values below are for all screws and bolts used except for those that are specified otherwise.
METRIC Nm
M5 6......................................................................................................
M6 9......................................................................................................
M8 25.....................................................................................................
M10 45...................................................................................................
M12 90...................................................................................................
M14 105..................................................................................................
M16 180..................................................................................................
UNC / UNF
1/4 9......................................................................................................
5/16 24...................................................................................................
3/8 39.....................................................................................................
7/16 78...................................................................................................
1/2 90.....................................................................................................
5/8 136....................................................................................................

FRONT SUSPENSION
1
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION DESCRIPTION
The front suspension design allows maximum wheel
travel and axle articulation providing good ground
clearance without loss of traction or directional
stability.
Long radius arms are fitted to the front axle and
provide maximum axle articulation which is vital for off
road performance. The radius arms are secured to
fabricated mounting brackets welded to the front axle.
Flexible rubber bushes are used on a stem end joint
to secure the rear of the radius arms to mountings on
the chassis cross member.
A panhard rod, which ensures that the front axle
remains centrally located, is fitted transversely and
also uses ferrule rubber bush mountings at both axle
and chassis locations.Two rubber bearing bushes, with retaining straps,
secure the rear of the anti-roll bar to the chassis
mountings, while bushed links support the front of the
bar to the front axle.
Conventional long travel coil springs and hydraulic
shock absorbers are used to control body movement
in all conditions. The shock absorbers are secured to
fabricated towers which are bolted to the chassis. The
upper and lower fixings use a single location stud with
flexible rubber bushes, support washers and securing
nuts. Retaining plates are used to secure the coil
springs to the fabricated towers and axle mountings.
Rubber bump stops are fitted underneath the chassis,
adjacent to the front road springs, and prevent
possible damage that could occur should there be
excessive axle to chassis movement.
Front suspension
1.Panhard rod
2.Radius arms
3.Coil springs
4.Shock absorber
5.Anti-roll bar