check engine NISSAN PRIMERA 1999 Electronic Owners Manual

Electric Governor
The electric governor is built into the fuel injection pump. It
moves the control sleeve to increase or decrease the amount of
fuel injected.
When current flows through the coil, a magnetic force is
produced, rotating the rotor. The rotor shaft is installed to the
control sleeve via a ball pin which is eccentrically situated in
relation to the rotor shaft. With this arrangement, the control
sleeve can be moved in relation to rotor rotation.
The rotor's rotating angle is determined by a balanced condition
of magnetic force (generated by current flow regulated by means
of the ECM) and tension of return spring (installed to rotor). The
larger the current flow through the coil, the greater the rotor's
rotating angle. This means that the control sleeve moves to the
right, increasing the amount of fuel injected.
The ECM regulates the current flow through the coil by chang-
ing the duty cycle ratio which controls the ON-OFF operation of
the electric governor grounding circuit.
Malfunction is detected when ....Check Items
(Possible cause)
lFuel injection feedback system does not operate properly.
[This system consists essentially of ECM, electric governor
and control sleeve position sensor.]lMain power supply circuit (ECM connector terminals107,
108,109) and fuse
lHarness or connectors
(Electric governor and control sleeve position sensor cir-
cuit)
lElectric governor
lECM
DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CONFIRMATION
PROCEDURE
1) Turn ignition switch to ªONº position and select ªDATA
MONITORº mode with CONSULT-II.
2) Start engine above 1,200 rpm.
3) Run it for 2 seconds above 1,200 rpm. Return engine
speed to idle.
NOTE:
If malfunction occurs intermittently, conduct suitable driv-
ing pattern for 10 minutes. This makes it possible to deter-
mine the diagnostic trouble.
SEF632S Return spring
Coil
Rotor
Core
Shaft
Ball pin
Decrease Increase
Control sleeve
SEF633S Magnet
Core
Rotor
Coil
TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS 5CD20T
EC-78

Injection Timing Control Valve
The injection timing control valve is built into the fuel injection
pump. It controls the timer piston to change the fuel injection
timing.
The timing control valve is a solenoid valve located in the line
between high-pressure chamber and low-pressure chamber. It
changes fuel pressure in the high-pressure chamber.
When current flows through the solenoid (the solenoid turns ON),
the timing control valve opens, advancing fuel injection timing.
When current does not flow through it, the timing control valve
closes, retarding injection timing.
The ECM emits an ON-OFF duty cycle signal. The longer the
OFF-duration, the greater the advance angle. The longer the
ON-duration, the greater the retard angle. This means that
changing the ON-OFF duty cycle ratio makes it possible to
achieve an optimal advance angle and accurately control fuel
injection timing.
Malfunction is detected when ....Check Items
(Possible cause)
lInjection timing feedback system does not operate prop-
erly. (This system consists essentially of ECM, injection
timing control valve and needle lift sensor.)lHarness or connectors
[Injection timing control valve, needle lift sensor, crankshaft
position sensor (TDC) circuits]
lInjection timing control valve
lNeedle lift sensor
lCrankshaft position sensor (TDC)
lAir in fuel line
lInjection timing control valve circuit it open or shorted.lHarness or connectors
(The Injection timing control valve is open or shorted.)
lInjection timing control valve
DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CONFIRMATION
PROCEDURE FOR INJECTION TIMING CONTROL
SYSTEM
1) Turn ignition switch to ªONº position and select ªDATA
MONITORº mode with CONSULT-II.
2) Start engine. Run engine for 10 seconds at idle.
NOTE:
If malfunction occurs intermittently, conduct suitable driv-
ing pattern for 10 minutes. This makes it possible to deter-
mine the diagnostic trouble.
DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CONFIRMATION
PROCEDURE FOR INJECTION TIMING CONTROL
VALVE CIRCUIT
1) Turn ignition switch to ªONº position.
2) Select ªDATA MONITORº mode with CONSULT-II.
3) Wait at least 2 seconds.
SEF638S Timer piston
High
pres-
sureLow
pressure
Fuel injection timing
control valve
TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS 6CD20T
EC-82

Engine Control Module (ECM)
The ECM consists of a microcomputer and connectors for signal
input and output and for power supply. The module monitors and
controls the engine operation.
Malfunction is detected when ....Check Item
(Possible Cause)
lECM calculation function is malfunctioning.lECM *
lAn excessively high or low voltage from the atmospheric
pressure sensor is detected by the ECM.lECM *
lECM reference voltage (2.5V) is excessively high or low.lECM *
lECM version number or switching function is not plausible.lECM *
lIgnition switch ªONº signal evaluation circuit in ECM is
malfunctioning.lECM *
* Actually inspecting the ECM inside circuit is impossible. Then, ECM may be replaced.
DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CONFIRMATION
PROCEDURE
1) Turn ignition switch to ªONº position.
2) Select ªDATA MONITORº mode with CONSULT-II.
3) Wait at least 2 seconds.
SEC220B
TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS 7CD20T
EC-86

Cooling Fan (Overheat)
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Vehicle speed sensorEVehicle speed
ECM
ECooling
fan
relay(s)Engine coolant temperature sensorEEngine coolant temperature
Air conditioner switch
EAir conditioner ªONº signal
The ECM controls the cooling fan corresponding to the vehicle speed, engine coolant temperature, air con-
ditioner system pressure and air conditioner ON signal. The control system has 3-step control [HIGH/LOW/
OFF]. This system indirectly relates to diagnostic trouble code 28 (Overheat).
Operation
ON-BOARD DIAGNOSIS LOGIC
This diagnosis continuously monitors the engine coolant temperature.
If the cooling fan or another component in the cooling system malfunctions, engine coolant temperature will
rise.
When the engine coolant temperature reaches an abnormally high temperature condition, a malfunction is
indicated.
Malfunction is detected when ...Check Items
(Possible Cause)
lAn excessive high engine coolant temperature sensor sig-
nal is detected by the ECM. (Overheat)lHarness or connectors
(The cooling fan circuit is open or shorted.)
lCooling fan
lRadiator hose
lRadiator
lRadiator cap
lWater pump
lThermostat
lFan belt
lEngine coolant temperature sensor
For more information, refer to ª12 MAIN CAUSES OF
OVERHEATINGº, EC-CD-95.
CAUTION:
When a malfunction is indicated, be sure to replace the coolant following the procedure in the MA
section (ªChanging Engine Coolantº, ªENGINE MAINTENANCEº). Also, replace the engine oil.
a. Fill radiator with coolant up to specified level with a filling speed of 2 liters per minute. Be sure
to use coolant with the proper mixture ratio. Refer to MA section (ªAnti-freeze Coolant Mixture
Ratioº, ªRECOMMENDED FLUIDS AND LUBRICANTSº).
b. After refilling coolant, run engine to ensure that no water-flow noise is emitted.
NEF772
Engine coolant
temperature ÉC (ÉF)
Air conditioner is OFF
.102 (216)
.96 (205)
.20
(12).80
(50)
Vehicle speed km/h (mph)
Cooling fans do not operateCooling fans operate at high speed
Engine coolant
temperature ÉC (ÉF)
Vehicle speed km/h (mph)
.20
(12).80
(50)
.102 (216)
.96 (205)Air conditioner is ON
Cooling fans operate at low speed
TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS 8CD20T
EC-87

OVERALL FUNCTION CHECK
Use this procedure to check the overall function of the cooling
fan. During this check, a DTC might not be confirmed.
WARNING:
Never remove the radiator cap when the engine is hot. Seri-
ous burns could be caused by high pressure fluid escaping
from the radiator.
Wrap a thick cloth around the cap. Carefully remove the cap
by turning it a quarter turn to allow built-up pressure to
escape. Then turn the cap all the way off.
1) Check the coolant level in the reservoir tank and radiator.
Allow engine to cool before checking coolant level.
If the coolant level in the reservoir tank and/or radiator is
below the proper range, skip the following steps and go to
ªDIAGNOSTIC PROCEDUREº, EC-CD-90.
2) Confirm whether customer filled the coolant or not. If cus-
tomer filled the coolant, skip the following steps and go to
ªDIAGNOSTIC PROCEDUREº, EC-CD-90.
3) Turn ignition switch to ªONº position.
4) Perform ªCOOLING FANº in ªACTIVE TESTº mode
with CONSULT-II (LOW speed and HI speed).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OR--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3) Start engine.
Be careful not to overheat engine.
4) Set temperature control switch to full cold position.
5) Push Air Conditioner switch to ªONº position.
6) Turn blower fan switch to ªONº position.
7) Run engine at idle for a few minutes with Air Con-
ditioner operating.
Be careful not to overheat engine.
8) Make sure that both cooling fans operate at low
speed.
9) Turn ignition switch to ªLOCKº position.
10) Push Air Conditioner switch and blower fan switch
to ªOFFº position.
11) Disconnect engine coolant temperature sensor
harness connector.
12) Connect 150Wresistor to engine coolant tempera-
ture sensor harness connector.
13) Restart engine and make sure that both cooling
fans operate at higher speed than low speed.
Be careful not to overheat engine.
AEC640 MAX.
MIN.OK
SEF111X
SEC163BA
MEC475B Cooling fan
Engine coolant
temperature sensor
harness connector
150Wresistor
TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS 8CD20T
Cooling Fan (Overheat) (Cont'd)
EC-88

DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE
INSPECTION START
CHECK COOLING FAN LOW
SPEED OPERATION.
1. Disconnect cooling fan relay-3.
2. Turn ignition switch to ªONº
position.
3. Perform ªCOOLING FANº
in ªACTIVE TESTº mode
with CONSULT-II.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OR-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Start engine.
3. Set temperature switch at
full cold position.
4. Turn Air Conditioner switch
to ªONº position.
5. Turn blower fan switch to
ªONº position.
6. Run engine at idle speed
for a few minutes with Air
Conditioner operating.
7. Make sure that both cool-
ing fans operate at low
speed.
OK
ENG
Check cooling fan low
speed control circuit.
(Go to
PROCEDURE A
.)
CHECK COOLING FAN HIGH
SPEED OPERATION.
1. Turn ignition switch to ªLOCKº
position.
2. Reconnect cooling fan relay-3.
3. Disconnect cooling fan relay-1.
4. Turn ignition switch to ªONº
position.
5. Perform ªCOOLING FANº
in ªACTIVE TESTº mode
with CONSULT-II.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OR-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Turn Air Conditioner switch
and blower fan switch to
ªOFFº position.
5. Disconnect engine coolant
temperature sensor har-
ness connector.
6. Connect 150Wresistor to
engine coolant temperature
sensor harness connector.
7. Restart engine and make
sure that both cooling fans
operate at higher speed
than low speed.
OK
ENG
Check cooling fan high
speed control circuit.
(Go to
PROCEDURE B
.)
pB
(Go to EC-CD-94.)
.Cooling fan relay 2
Cooling fan relay-1Cooling fan relay-3
YEC383
SEF111X
NEF809
Cooling fan
SEF111X
YEC384
Cooling fan
Engine coolant
temperature sensor
harness connector
resistor
H
H
H
TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS 8CD20T
Cooling Fan (Overheat) (Cont'd)
EC-90

pB
CHECK COOLING SYSTEM FOR LEAK.
Apply pressure to the cooling system with a
tester, and check if the pressure drops.
Testing pressure:
157kPa (1.57 bar, 1.6 kg/cm
2, 23 psi)
Pressure should not drop.
CAUTION:
Higher than the specified pressure may
cause radiator damage.
OK
ENG
Check the following
for leaks:
lHoselRadiatorlWater pump
Refer to LC section
(ªWater Pumpº).
CHECK RADIATOR CAP.
Apply pressure to cap with a tester.
Radiator cap relief pressure:
Standard
78 - 98 kPa (0.78 - 0.98 bar,
0.8 - 1.0 kg/cm
2, 11 - 14 psi)
Limit
59 - 88 kPa (0.59 - 0.88 bar,
0.6 - 0.9 kg/cm
2,9-13psi)
OK
ENG
Replace radiator
cap.
CHECK THERMOSTAT.
1. Check valve seating condition at normal
room temperatures.
It should seat tightly.
2. Check valve opening temperature and
maximum valve lift.
Valve opening temperature:
76.5ÉC (170ÉF) [standard]
Maximum valve lift:
More than 8 mm/90ÉC
(0.31 in/194ÉF)
3. Check if valve is closed at 5ÉC (9ÉF)
below valve opening temperature.
For details, refer to LC section
(ªThermostatº).
OK
ENG
Replace thermostat.
Check engine coolant temperature sensor.
Refer to ªCOMPONENT INSPECTIONº,
EC-69.
OK
ENG
Replace engine cool-
ant temperature sen-
sor.
If the cause can not be isolated, go to ª12
MAIN CAUSES OF OVERHEATINGº on
next page.
INSPECTION END
Perform FINAL CHECK by the following procedure after
repair is completed.
1. Warm up engine. Run the vehicle for at least 20 minutes. Pay
attention to engine coolant temperature gauge on the instru-
ment panel. If the reading shows an abnormally high
temperature, another part may be malfunctioning.
2. Stop vehicle and let engine idle. Check the intake and
exhaust systems for leaks by listening for noise or visually
inspecting the components.
3. Allow engine to cool and visually check for oil and coolant
leaks. Then, perform ªOVERALL FUNCTION CHECKº.
Hose adapter
.SLC754AA
SLC755AA
SLC343
H
H
H
H
H
H
TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS 8CD20T
Cooling Fan (Overheat) (Cont'd)
EC-94

12 MAIN CAUSES OF OVERHEATING
Engine Step Inspection item Equipment Standard Reference page
OFF 1
lBlocked radiatorlBlocked condenserlBlocked radiator grillelBlocked bumper
lVisual No blocking þ
2
lCoolant mixturelCoolant tester 50 - 50% coolant mix-
tureSee ªRECOMMENDED
FLUIDS AND LUBRI-
CANTSº in MA section.
3
lCoolant levellVisual Coolant up to MAX level
in reservoir tank and
radiator filler neckSee ªChanging Engine
Coolantº, ªENGINE
MAINTENANCEº in MA
section.
4
lRadiator caplPressure tester 78 - 98 kPa
(0.78 - 0.98 bar, 0.8 -
1.0 kg/cm
2, 11 - 14 psi)
59-98kPa
(0.59 - 0.98 bar, 0.6 -
1.0 kg/cm
2,9-14psi)
(Limit)See ªSystem Checkº
ªENGINE COOLING
SYSTEMº in LC section.
ON*2 5
lCoolant leakslVisual No leaks See ªSystem Checkº
ªENGINE COOLING
SYSTEMº in LC section.
ON*2 6
lThermostatlTouch the upper and
lower radiator hosesBoth hoses should be
hotSee ªThermostatº and
ªRadiatorº, ªENGINE
COOLING SYSTEMº in
LC section.
ON*1 7
lCooling fanlCONSULT Operating See ªTROUBLE DIAG-
NOSIS 8º.
OFF 8
lCombustion gas leaklColor checker
chemical tester
4 Gas analyzerNegative þ
ON*3 9
lCoolant temperature
gaugelVisual Gauge less than 3/4
when drivingþ
lCoolant overflow to
reservoir tanklVisual No overflow during driv-
ing and idlingSee ªChanging Engine
Coolantº, ªENGINE
MAINTENANCEº in MA
section.
OFF*4 10
lCoolant return from
reservoir tank to
radiatorlVisual Should be initial level in
reservoir tankSee ªENGINE MAINTE-
NANCEº in MA section.
OFF 11
lCylinder headlStraight gauge feeler
gauge0.1 mm (0.004 in) Maxi-
mum distortion (warping)See ªInspectionº, ªCYL-
INDER HEADº in EM
section.
12
lCylinder block and
pistonslVisual No scuffing on cylinder
walls or pistonSee ªInspectionº, ªCYL-
INDER BLOCKº in EM
section.
*1: Turn the ignition switch ON.
*2: Engine running at 3,000 rpm for 10 minutes.
*3: Drive at 90 km/h (55 mph) for 30 minutes and then let idle for 10 minutes.
*4: After 60 minutes of cool down time.
For more information, refer to ªOVERHEATING CAUSE ANALYSISº in LC section.
TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS 8CD20T
Cooling Fan (Overheat) (Cont'd)
EC-95

Needle Lift Sensor (NLS)
The needle lift sensor is built into the No. 1 nozzle. Its inductive
pick-up element senses the lifting of the injection nozzle needle
and thus the start of injection. The signal is evaluated by the
ECM and compared with the target timing. Deviations in timing,
for example caused by changes in fuel temperature, are sensed
by the ECM and corrected.
Malfunction is detected when ....Check Items
(Possible Cause)
lAn improper signal from the sensor is sent to ECM.lHarness or connectors
(The sensor circuit is open or shorted.)
lNeedle lift sensor
lAir in fuel line
lClogging No. 1 injection nozzle
DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CONFIRMATION
PROCEDURE
NOTE:
Before diagnostic trouble confirmation, be sure to check
battery voltage is above 9V.
1) Turn ignition switch to ªONº position and select
ªDATA MONITORº mode with CONSULT-II.
2) Start engine and run it for 2 seconds above 1,200
rpm.
NEF689 Nozzle holder
NozzleInductive
pick-up coli
TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS 9CD20T
EC-97

Fuel Cut Solenoid Valve
When the ignition switch is OFF, the ECM turns the fuel cut
solenoid valve OFF (under this condition, no current flows
through the fuel cut solenoid valve), shutting off fuel supply.
When the engine is not operating due to trouble, the fuel cut
solenoid valve may be OFF even when the ignition switch is ON.
Malfunction is detected when ...Check Items
(Possible Cause)
lFuel cut solenoid valve circuit is malfunctioning.lHarness or connectors
(The solenoid valve circuit is open or shorted.)
lFuel cut solenoid valve
DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CONFIRMATION
PROCEDURE
1) Turn ignition switch to ªONº position.
2) Select ªDATA MONITORº mode with CONSULT-II.
3) Start engine. (If no start, circuit is open).
4) Warm engine up sufficiently.
5) Turn ignition switch to ªLOCKº position and wait at
least 5 seconds.
6) Start engine and rev it up above 1,300 rpm.
Release pedal and wait at least 3 seconds.
SEF667S Fuel cut solenoid valve
ECMIgnition
switch
TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS 10CD20T
EC-100