check engine NISSAN X-TRAIL 2003 Electronic Repair Manual

CYLINDER HEAD
EM-53
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lIf some cylinders have low compression pressure, pour small amount of engine oil into the spark plug hole
of the cylinder to re-check it for compression.
–If the added engine oil improves the compression, the piston rings may be worn out or damaged. Check
the piston rings and replace if necessary.
–If the compression pressure remains at low level despite the addition of engine oil, the valves may be mal-
functioning. Check the valves for damage. Replace the valve or valve seat accordingly.
lIf two adjacent cylinders have respectively low compression pressure and their compression remains low
even after the addition of engine oil, the gaskets are leaking. In such a case, replace the cylinder head
gaskets.
8. Install spark plug, ignition coil and harness connectors.
Removal and InstallationEBS009R4
REMOVAL
1. Release fuel pressure. Refer toEC-34, "FUEL PRESSURE RELEASE"(WITH EURO-OBD),EC-399,
"FUEL PRESSURE RELEASE"(WITHOUT EURO-OBD).
2. Drain engine coolant and engine oil.
3. Remove the following components and related parts.
lEngine hood and engine under cover.
lAir cleaner case and air duct assembly; Refer toEM-15, "Removal and Installation".
lIgnition coils; Refer toEM-27, "Removal and Installation".
lRocker cover; Refer toEM-31, "Removal and Installation".
lEngine Coolant reservoir tank
lAuxiliary drive belt; Refer toEM-14, "Removal and Installation of Auxiliary Drive Belt Auto- tensioner".
lAlternator
lAuxiliary drive belt auto -tensioner; Refer toEM-14, "Removal and Installation of Auxiliary Drive Belt Auto-
tensioner".
lExhaust front tube; Refer toEX-2, "EXHAUST SYSTEM".
lExhaust manifold; Refer toEM-22, "Removal and Installation".
lIntake manifold collector, intake manifold and fuel tube assembly; Refer toEM-17, "Removal and Installa-
tion".
lWater control valve and housing; Refer toCO-21, "THERMOSTAT AND WATER CONTROL VALVE".
4. Remove front cover and timing chain. Refer toEM-43, "
Removal and Installation".
KBIA0250E
1 Cylinder head assembly 2 Cylinder head gasket 3 Cylinder head bolt

EM-54
[QR20DE]
CYLINDER HEAD
5. Remove camshaft. Refer toEM-33, "Removal and Installation".
6. Securely support bottom of cylinder block with a jack or equivalent tool, and remove the hoist that was
supporting it.
7. Remove cylinder head loosening bolts in reverse order shown in
the figure.
INSPECTION AFTER REMOVAL
OuterDiameterofCylinderHeadBolts
lCylinder head bolts are tightened by plastic zone tightening
method. Whenever the size difference between d1 and d2
exceeds the limit, replace them with new one.
lIf reduction of outer diameter appears in a position other than
d2, use it as d2 point.
INSTALLATION
1. Install cylinder head gasket.
2. Follow the steps below to tighten fixing bolts in the order shown
in figure to install cylinder head.
CAUTION:
lIf cylinder head bolts are re-used, check their outer diam-
eters before installation. Refer toEM-54, "
Outer Diameter
of Cylinder Head Bolts".
lIn step “c”, loosen bolts in the reverse order of that indi-
catedinfigure.
a. Apply new engine oil to threads and seating surface of mounting
bolts.
b. Tighten all bolts to 98.1 N·m (10 kg-m, 72 ft-lb).
c. Completely loosen to 0 N·m (0 kg-m, 0 ft-lb).
d. Tighten all bolts to 34.3 to 44.1 N·m (3.5 to 4.4 kg-m, 26 to 32 ft-lb).
e. Turn all bolts 75°to 80°(target: 75°) degrees clockwise.
f. Turn all bolts 75°to 80°(target: 75°) degrees clockwise again.
CAUTION:
Check and confirm the tightening angle by using angle
wrench or protractor. Avoid judgment by visual inspection
without the tool.
KBIA0058E
Limit (d1 - d2) : More than 0.23 mm (0.0091 in)
KBIA0189E
KBIA0058E
KBIA0059E

ENGINE ASSEMBLY
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lUse a manual lift table caddy or equivalently rigid tool such as a
jack or trestle. Securely support bottom of engine and transaxle,
and simultaneously adjust hoist tension.
CAUTION:
lPut a piece of wood or something similar as the support-
ing surface, secure a completely stable condition.
23. Remove RH engine mounting insulator.
24. Pull LH engine mounting through-bolt out.
25. Remove mounting bolts at front end of center member.
26. Remove front suspension member mounting bolts and nuts.
27. Remove engine, transaxle and transfer assembly with suspen-
sion member from vehicle downward by carefully operating sup-
porting tools.
CAUTION:
lDuring the operation, make sure that no part interferes
with body side.
lBefore and during this lifting, always check if any har-
nesses are left connected.
lDuring the removal operation, always be careful to pre-
vent vehicle from falling off the lift due to changes in the center of gravity.
lIf necessary, support vehicle by setting a jack or equivalent tool at the rear.
28. Remove power steering pump with piping connected from engine. Move it aside on suspension member.
29. Remove front engine mounting and rear engine mounting through-bolts to remove suspension member.
30. Remove starter motor.
31. Separate engine and transaxle.
INSTALLATION
Install in the reverse order of removal.
lDo not allow oil to get on mounting insulator. Be careful not to damage mounting insulator.
lWhen installation directions are specified, install parts according to the direction marks on them referring
to components illustration.
lMake sure that each mounting insulator is seated properly, and tighten mounting bolts and nuts.
INSPECTION AFTER INSTALLATION
lBefore starting engine check the levels of coolant, lubrications and working oils. If less than required
quantity, fill to the specified level.
lRun engine to check for unusual noise and vibration.
lWarm up engine thoroughly to make sure there is no leakage of coolant, lubricants, working oil, fuel and
exhaust gas.
lBleed air from passages in pipes and tubes of applicable lines.
KBIA0256E
KBIA0257E
KBIA0270E

EM-70
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CYLINDER BLOCK
lWhile turning the crankshaft by hand, check that it turns smoothly.
6. Install the lower cylinder block.
lApply genuine liquid gasket or equivalent to positions shown
in the figure.
NOTE:
Cylinder block and lower cylinder block are machined together.
Neither of them can be replaced as a single unit.
CAUTION:
After liquid gasket is applied, rear oil seal installation must
be finished within 5 minutes. Therefore, the following pro-
cedure must be performed quickly.
7. Tighten lower cylinder block mounting bolts in the numerical
order in the figure by following the procedure below.
a. Apply new engine oil to threads and seat surfaces of mounting
bolts.
b. Tighten M10(0.39in) bolts in order from 1 to 10 with tightening
torqu 36.3 to 42.2N·m (3.7 to 4.3 kg-m, 27 to 31 ft-lb).
NOTE:
There are two more processes to complete the tightening of
mounting bolts(See step 9). However stop precesure here to
install rear oil seal.
8. Install rear oil seal.
CAUTION:
Complete this step within approximately 5 minutes after liq-
uid gasket is applied to the lower cylinder block.
lPress oil seal between cylinder block and crankshaft with a
suitable drift.
lBe careful not to touch the grease on the oil seal lip.
lBe careful not to cause scratches or burrs when pressing in
the oil seal.
lPress in rear oil seal to the position shown in the figure.
KBIA0064E
KBIA0063E
KBIA0144J
KBIA0074E

CYLINDER BLOCK
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9. Restart tightening of lower cylinder block bolts with the following
procedure.
NOTE:
Step “a ”and “b” have been completed before installation of rear
oil seal (step 7).
a. Step “a” has been completed before installation of rear oil seal.
b. Step “b” has been completed before installation of rear oil seal.
c. Tighten M10 bolts to 60 to 65°(target: 60°) in order from 1to 10.
d. Tighten M8 ( in) bolts to 19.6 to 24.5 N·m (2.0 to 2.5 kg-m, 15 to
18 ft-lb) in order from 11 to 22.
CAUTION:
In step “c”, use an angle wrench (special service tool) or
protractor to check tightening angle. Do not make judgment
by visual inspection.
lAfter installing mounting bolts, make sure that crankshaft
can be rotated smoothly by hand.
lWipe off completely any protruding liquid gasket on front side
of engine.
lCheck crankshaft side clearance. Refer toEM-80, "CRANK-
SHAFT SIDE CLEARANCE".
10. Install the piston to the connecting rod.
a. Usingasnapringpliers,installthesnapringtothegroovesof
the piston rear side.
lInsert it fully into groove to install.
b. Install the piston to the connecting rod.
lUsing an industrial drier or similar tool, heat the piston until the piston pin can be pushed in by hand
without excess force [approx. 60 to 70 C°(140 to 158°F)]. From the front to the rear, insert the piston
pin into the piston and the connecting rod.
lAssemble so that the front mark on the piston crown and the
oil holes and the cylinder No. on the connecting rod are posi-
tioned as shown in the figure.
c. Install the snap rings to the front of the piston.
lAfter installing, check that the connecting rod moves
smoothly.
11. Using a piston ring expander, install the piston rings.
CAUTION:
Be careful not to damage the piston.
lPosition each ring with the gap as shown in the figure refer-
ring to the piston front mark.
lInstall the top ring and the second ring with the stamped sur-
face facing upward.
KBIA0063E
KBIA0065E
PBIC0099E
Stamped mark : 1E (top ring)
: 2A (second ring)
PBIC0100E

EM-72
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CYLINDER BLOCK
12. Install the connecting rod bearings to the connecting rod and the
connecting rod cap.
lWhen installing the connecting rod bearings, apply engine oil
to the bearing surface (inside). Do not apply oil to the back
surface, but thoroughly clean it.
lWhen installing, align the connecting rod bearing stopper pro-
trusion with the notch of the connecting rod to install.
lCheck the oil holes on the connecting rod and those on the
corresponding bearing are aligned.
13. Install the piston and connecting rod assembly to the crankshaft.
lPosition the crankshaft pin corresponding to the connecting
rod to be installed onto the bottom dead center.
lApply engine oil sufficiently to the cylinder bore, piston and
crankshaft pin.
lMatch the cylinder position with the cylinder No. on the con-
necting rod to install.
lUsing a piston ring compressor, install the piston with the front
mark on the piston crown facing the front of the engine.
CAUTION:
Be careful not to damage the crankshaft pin, resulting from
an interference of the connecting rod big end.
14. Install the connecting rod cap.
lMatch the stamped cylinder number marks on the connecting
rodwiththoseonthecaptoinstall.
15. Tighten the connecting rod bolt as follows.
a. Apply engine oil to the threads and seats of the connecting rod
bolts.
b. Tighten bolts to 18.6 to 20.6 N·m (1.9 to 2.1 kg-m, 14 to 15 ft-lb).
c. Put mating (with paint) on each bolt and connecting rod cap, all
in the same direction (when using a protractor).
d. Then tighten all bolts 90 to 95 degrees clockwise (target: 90
degrees) (Angle tightening).
CAUTION:
Always use either an angle wrench or protractor. Avoid
tightening based on visual check alone.
lAfter tightening the bolt, make sure that the crankshaft rotates smoothly.
lCheck the connecting rod side clearance. Refer toEM-81, "CONNECTING ROD SIDE CLEARANCE".
PBIC0266E
PBIC0267E
KBIA0067E
KBIA0068E

EM-102
[YD22DDTi]
PRECAUTIONS
[YD22DDTi]PRECAUTIONSPFP:00001
Precautions for Drain CoolantEBS00BNO
lDrain coolant when engine is cooled.
Precautions for Disconnecting Fuel PipingEBS00BNP
lBefore starting work, make sure no fire or spark producing items are in the work area.
lRelease fuel pressure before disassembly.
lAfter disconnecting pipes, plug openings to stop fuel leakage.
Precautions for Removal and DisassemblyEBS00BNQ
lWhen instructed to use special service tools, use the specified tools. Always be careful to work safely,
avoid forceful or uninstructed operations.
lExercise maximum care to avoid damage to mating or sliding surfaces.
lCover openings of engine system with tape or the equivalent, if necessary, to seal out foreign materials.
lMark and arrange disassembly parts in an organized way for easy troubleshooting and re-assembly.
lWhen loosening nuts and bolts, as a basic rule, start with the one furthest outside, then the one diagonally
opposite, and so on. If the order of loosening is specified, do exactly as specified.
Precautions for Inspection, Repair and ReplacementEBS00BNR
lBefore repairing or replacing, thoroughly inspect parts. Inspect new replacement parts in the same way,
and replace if necessary.
Precautions for Assembly and InstallationEBS00BNS
lUse torque wrench to tighten bolts or nuts.
lWhen tightening nuts and bolts, as a basic rule, equally tighten in several different steps starting with the
ones in center, then ones on inside and outside diagonally in this order. If the order of tightening is speci-
fied, do exactly as specified.
lReplace with new gasket, packing, oil seal or O-ring.
lThoroughly wash, clean, and air-blow each part. Carefully check oil or coolant passages for any restriction
and blockage.
lAvoid damaging sliding or mating surfaces. Completely remove foreign materials such as cloth lint or dust.
Before assembly, oil sliding surfaces well.
lRelease air within route after draining coolant.
lAfter repairing, start engine and increase engine speed to check coolant, fuel, oil, and exhaust systems
for leakage.
Parts Requiring Angular TighteningEBS00BNT
lUse an angle wrench for the final tightening of the following engine parts:
–Cylinder head bolts
–Main bearing cap bolts
–Connecting rod cap nuts
–Crankshaft pulley bolt (No angle wrench is required as the bolt flange is provided with notches for angular
tightening)
lDo not use a torque value for final tightening.
lThe torque value for these parts are for a preliminary step.
lEnsure thread and seat surfaces are clean and coated with engine oil.

NOISE, VIBRATION, AND HARSHNESS (NVH) TROUBLESHOOTING
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Use the Chart Below to Help You Find the Cause of the Symptom.EBS00BO6
1. Locate the area where noise occurs.
2. Confirm the type of noise.
3. Specify the operating condition of engine.
4. Check specified noise source.
If necessary, repair or replace these parts.
A: Closely related B: Related C: Sometimes related —: Not relatedLocation
of noiseType of
noiseOperating condition of engine
Source of
noiseCheck itemRefer-
ence page Before
warm-
upAfter
warm-
upWhen
start-
ingWhen
idlingWhen
racingWhile
driving
To p o f
engine
Rocker
cover
Cylinder
headTick in g o r
clickingCA—AB—Tappet
noiseValve clearanceEM-154
Rattle C A — A B CCamshaft
bearing
noiseCamshaft oil clearance
Camshaft runoutEM-151EM-150
Crank-
shaft pul-
ley
Cylinder
block
(Side of
engine)
Oil panSlap or
knock—A—BB—Piston pin
noisePiston to piston pin
clearance
Connecting rod bush-
ing oil clearance (Small
end)EM-201
EM-203
Slap or
rapA ——BBAPiston
slap noisePiston to cylinder bore
clearance
Piston ring side clear-
ance
Piston ring end gap
Connecting rod bend
and torsionEM-204EM-201
EM-202
EM-202
Knock A B C B B BConnect-
ing rod
bearing
noiseConnecting rod bush-
ing oil clearance (Small
end)
Connecting rod bear-
ing oil clearance (Big
end)EM-203EM-206
Knock A B — A B CMain
bearing
noiseMain bearing oil clear-
ance
Crankshaft runoutEM-206EM-206
Front of
engine
Timin g
chain
coverTapping or
tickingA A —BBBTiming
chain and
chain ten-
sioner
noiseTiming chain cracks
and wear
Timing chain tensioner
operationEM-158
EM-163
Front of
engineSqueak-
ing or fizz-
ingAB—B—CDrive belts
(Sticking
or slip-
ping)Drive belts deflection
EM-110
CreakingA B ABABDrive belts
(Slipping)Idler pulley bearing
operation
Squall
CreakA B —BABWater
pump
noiseWater pump operationCO-40,
"WATER
PUMP"

EM-110
[YD22DDTi]
DRIVE BELTS
DRIVE BELTS
PFP:02117
Checking Drive BeltsEBS00BNX
lBefore inspecting the engine, make sure the engine has cooled
down; wait approximately 30 minutes after the engine has been
stopped.
lVisually inspect all belts for wear, damage or cracks on contact-
ing surfaces and edge areas.
lWhen measuring deflection, apply 98 N (10 kg, 22 lb) at the
marked point ( ).
CAUTION:
lWhen checking belt deflection immediately after installa-
tion, first adjust it to the specified value. Then, after turn-
ing the crankshaft two turns or more, re-adjust to the
specified value to avoid variation in deflection between
pulleys.
lTighten idler pulley lock nut by hand and measure deflection without looseness.
Belt Deflection:
*: When engine is cold.
Tension AdjustmentEBS00BNY
lAdjust belts with the parts shown below.
CAUTION:
lWhen a new belt is installed as a replacement, adjust it to the value specified under “New” value
because of insufficient adaptability with pulley grooves.
lIf the belt deflection of the current belt is out of the “Limit for re-adjusting”, adjust to the
“Adjusted” value.
lWhen checking belt deflection immediately after installation, first adjust it to the specified value.
Then, after turning crankshaft two turns or more, re-adjust it to the specified value to avoid vari-
ation in deflection between pulleys.
lMake sure the belts are fully fitted into the pulley grooves during installation.
lHandle with care to avoid smearing the belts with oil or cooling water etc.
lDo not twist or bend the belts with strong force.
JEM249G
Applied beltBelt deflection with 98 N (10 kg, 22 lb) force applied* mm (in)
New Adjusted Limit for re-adjusting
Air conditioner compressor belt 4 - 5 (0.16 - 0.20) 6 - 7 (0.24 - 0.28) 8.5 (0.335)
Alternator and water pump belt 9.0 - 10.5 (0.354 - 0.413) 11.0 - 12.5 (0.433 - 0.492) 16.5 (0.650)
Applied belt Belt adjustment method
Air conditioner compressor belt Adjusting bolt on idler pulley
Alternator water pump belt Adjusting bolt on alternator

EM-116
[YD22DDTi]
INTAKE MANIFOLD
8. Remove EGR tube.
9. Remove vacuum hose.
10. Remove injection tube. Refer toEM-135, "
Removal and Installa-
tion".
11. Remove water pipe.
12. Remove fuel hose.
lTo prevent fuel from flowing out, plug the opening of the hose
with a blind plug after disconnection.
CAUTION:
Be careful not to spill fuel in the engine component.
13. Loosen bolts and nuts in the reverse order of that shown in the
figure.
CAUTION:
Do not disassemble or adjust swirl control valve.
14. Remove electronic EGR control valve from intake manifold.
INSPECTION AFTER REMOVAL
Surface Distortion
lConnect vacuum handy pump to actuator, and apply vacuum to close swirl control valve.
lCheck distortion on the mounting surface with a straightedge
and feeler gauge.
Swirl Control Valve
lConnect vacuum handy pump to actuator, confirm that rod
moves smoothly in accordance with the amount of vacuum
applied and vacuum is maintained.
INSTALLATION
Following instructions below, install in reverse order of removal.
1. Install EGR vacuum control valve.
lHandle with care avoiding any shocks.
SBIA0152E
SBIA0153E
Limit : 0.1 mm (0.004 in)
SBIA0154E
Vacuum reference value (Approx.)
At start of rod movement
: – 8.0 Kpa (– 80 mbar, – 60 mmHg, – 2.36 inHg)
At end of rod movementApprox.
: –26.7Kpa(–267bar,–200mmHg,–7.87inHg)
SBIA0155E