service JEEP CJ 1953 Service Manual

'Jeep*
UNIVERSAL
SERIES SERVICE
MANUAL

N
scribed
in
Pars.
N-ll through N-l9 for standard
axles, with the exception of the following torque
recommendations. Torque the differential case
bearing
cap screws 70 to 90 lb-ft. [9,7 a 12,4 kg-m.]

and
the cover screws 15 to 25 lb-ft. [2,1 a 3,4
kg-m.].
The ring gear screws on axles with Powr-

Lok
differentials should be torqued as follows:

Model
30 and 44 axles 35 to 55 lb-ft. [4,84 a 7,60 kg-m.].

N-24. TRAC-LOK DIFFERENTIAL
As
optional equipment
Trac-Lok
Model 44 differen­
tial
is available on all Jeep Universal vehicles equipped with semi-float flanged axle shafts.
A
conventional differential transmits all of the
ring
gear torque through the differential gears to the axle shafts. Torque is at all
times
equal on the axle shafts, and if one wheel slips, the other wheel

can
only put out as much torque as the slipping
wheel.

The
Trac-Lok
differential is similar,
except
that

part
of the torque from the ring gear is trans­ mitted through clutch packs
between
the side gears

and
differential case. The multiple disc clutches

with
radial
grooves
on the plates and concentric
grooves
on the discs are
engaged
by a preload

from
Belleville springs, plus separating forces from
the side gears as torque is applied through the
ring
gear.

The
Trac-Lok
construction permits differential action when required for turning corners and trans­mits equal torque to both
wheels
when driving

straight
ahead. However, when one wheel tries to spin due to leaving the ground, a patch of ice,
etc., the clutch packs automatically provide more
torque to the wheel which is not trying to spin.
It
can be
seen
then that the
Trac-Lok
differential
resists wheel spin on bumpy roads and provides
more pulling power when one wheel tries to slip.
In
many cases of differences in traction, pulling
power
will
be automatically provided until both
wheels
start to slip.

In
diagnosis of vehicle operators' complaints, it
is important to recognize two things:

a.
If, with unequal traction, both
wheels
slip, the

Trac-Lok
has
done
all it can possibly do.

b.
In extreme cases of differences in traction, the
wheel with least traction may spin after the
Trac-

Lok
has transferred as much torque as possible
to the non-slipping wheel.
N-25.
Lubrication

The
Trac-Lok
differential requires a special
lubri­

cant
and ordinary multipurpose gear lubricants

MUST
NOT be used. Use only 'Jeep* Differential
Oil,
Part
No. 94557.

Trac-Lok
differential may be cleaned only by disassembling the unit and wiping with clean rags. Do not flush the
Trac-Lok
unit.

Note:
The
Trac-Lok
differential is serviced at the
same time intervals as the standard differential.
N-26.
Trouble
Symptoms

If
noises
or roughness, such as chatter, are present
in
turning corners, the probable cause is incorrect

or
contaminated lubricant.
Before any differential is removed and disassem­
bled for chatter complaints, the correctness of
lubri­

cant
can and should be determined.

A
complete
lubricant
drain,
and
refill
with specified

Limited
Slip Differential lubricant
will
usually
correct
chatter.

The
following procedure is recommended to ensure

complete
removal of old lubricant.

a.
Warm
the lubricant by vehicle road operation,

or
5 minutes of operation in gear at 30 mph with
both
wheels
off the ground on a hoist.

Caution:
Never place the transmission in gear with
the
engine
running when only one wheel of a

Limited
Slip Differential equipped vehicle is raised.
The
vehicle might drive itself off the
jack
and produce damage or
injury.

b.
Drain
lubricant while
warm.
Remove
drain
plug

or
cover to
drain
completely. If cover is removed,

it
may be necessary to replace gasket at this time.

c.
Refill
axle with specified
Limited
Slip Differen­

tial
lubricant.

d.
Operate the vehicle for approximately ten miles
[16,09
km.], making at least ten figure 8 turns
to flush the old lubricant out of the clutch packs.

e.
Repeat
steps
b, c, and d, making sure to replace
the cover gasket if required in
step
c.
f. It is possible that slight chatter, requiring ad­
ditional
vehicle operation, may remain after
step
e. If chatter persists after 100 miles
[160,9
km.]
of vehicle operation, or remains severe after
step

e above, disassembly and repair
will
be necessary.
N-27.
Unit
Inoperative

Proper
performance and capabilities of
Limited
Slip
Differentials are
often
misunderstood. No
precise
methods
of measuring
Limited
Slip Dif­

ferential
performance are generally available in the field. A functioning unit can be determined by
relatively
simple vehicle operational
tests,
as
follows:

a.
Place one wheel on
good
dry pavement, and the
other on ice, mud, grease, etc.

b.
Gradually
increase
engine
rpm to obtain maxi­

mum
traction
prior
to "break-a-way." The ability
to
move
the vehicle
effectively
will
demonstrate

proper
performance.

c.
If extremely slick surfaces, such as ice or grease,

are
used
some
question may exist as to proper per­
formance at
step
b. In
these
extreme cases a prop­

erly
performing
Limited
Slip Differential
will
pro­
vide greater "pulling" power by lightly applying
the parking brake.

N-23.
Trac-Lok
Differential Disassembly
and
Reassembly

It
is recommended that the
complete
axle assembly
be removed from the vehicle, when it
becomes
necessary to remove the
Trac-Lok
from the hous­

ing.
Refer to Par. N-3 and N-12 for removal of axle shafts and differential case from axle housing. 303

'Jeep'
UNIVERSAL
SERIES
SERVICE
MANUAL
N

FIG.
N-44—REMOVING
SNAP
RINGS
FROM
CROSS
PIN
manufacturing
date is the complete
Trac-Lok
as­
sembly part number.
g. It is recommended that when referring to the

Trac-Lok,
obtain the complete part number and
build
date. To do this it
will
be necessary to wipe
off the lubricant from the case. See Fig. N-43.

h.
Reposition differential case
onto
axle shaft as
shown. Remove the two snap rings from the cross

pin.
Use two screw drivers and push the rings free

from
the cross pin. Place a shop towel behind
the case to prevent the snap rings from flying out
of the case. Refer to Fig. N-44.
FIG.
N-45—REMOVING CROSS
PIN

i.
Remove the cross pin. Use a hammer and punch
as shown to remove the cross pin from the case.
Note: A gear rotating tool C-4142 is required to
service the
Trac-Lok
diferential. The Tool consists
of four parts: a Handle,
Pawl,
Forcing
Screw and Step Plate.

j.
Assemble the
step
plate tool into the bottom
side gear, as shown in Fig. N-4 6.

k.
Position the gear rotating tool into the top
side gear, as shown in Big. N-4 7. "S | 14342

FIG.
N-46—INSTALLING STEP
PLATE
TOOL

V
14351

FIG.
N-47—INSTALLING GEAR ROTATING TOOL

FIG.
N-48—THREADING FORCING SCREW INTO ROTATING TOOL
I.
Insert the forcing screw down through the top
of the case and thread into the gear rotating tool.
Note: Before using the forcing screw be sure the
threads are lubricated with a fine coat of oil. Also

apply
a small spot of grease to the centering hole
in
the
step
plate before it contacts the forcing

screw.
305

'Jeep'
UNIVERSAL
SERIES
SERVICE
MANUAL

N

FIG.
N-52—PLATE
AND
DISC
IDENTIFICATION

I 14340

FIG.
N-S3—LUBRICATING
TRAC-LOK

COMPONENTS
b.
Prelubricate the thrust face of the side
gear,

assemble
the plates and discs to the side
gear
splines, prelubing each part as shown
with
the

specified
lubricant.
Both
stacks. See Fig. N-53.
FIG.
N-54—INSTALLING
PLATE
RETAINER
CLIPS

c. Assemble the retainer clips to the
ears
of the
plates. Make
sure
both
stacks
are completely as­ sembled or
seated
onto the
ears
of the plates.

d.
With
the
differential
case
positioned as shown,
assemble
the
clutch
pack and side
gear
into
the

case.
Make
sure
the
clutch
pack
stays
assembled
to
the side
gear
splines and that the retainer clips
are completely
seated
into
the pockets of the
case.

To
prevent pack
from
falling
out of the
case
it
will

be
necessary
to
hold
them in place by hand
while

assembling the
case
onto the axle shaft.
FIG.
N-55—INSTALL
DIFFERENTIAL
CASE

ON
AXLE
SHAFT
e. Assemble
differential
case
onto the axle shaft

in
the position as shown in Fig. N-55.

Caution:
When assembling the
differential
case
onto
the axle shaft, be
sure
that the splines of the side
gears
are
lined
up
with
those
of the axle shaft.

Also
make
sure
that the
clutch
pack is
still
properly
assembled
into
the
case
after assembling the
case

onto the shaft.
f. Assemble the
step
plate
tool
into
the side
gear
as shown in Fig. N-4 6.
Apply
a small dab of
grease

into
the centering hole of the
step
plate
tool.
FIG.
N-56—INSTALLING
CLUTCH
PACK

AND
SIDE
GEAR

307

'Jeep'
UNIVERSAL
SERIES
SERVICE
MANUAL

N
m.
Pull
on tool until the handle hits the gear.
Remove pawl from
between
the
gear
teeth, reposi­
tion handle and pawl. Repeat the same operation
until
the
holes
of both pinion mate gears are lined
up exactly with
those
of the case,
n.
Prelubricate both sides of the pinion mate

spherical
washers with the specified lubricant,

o.
Apply torque to the forcing screw to allow

clearance
to assemble the spherical washers,
p.
Assemble washers into case. Use a very small

screw
driver to push washers into place, as shown

in
Fig. N-61.

Caution:
Be sure the
holes
of the washers and gears

are
lined up exactly with
those
of the case.

q.
Remove forcing screw, rotating tool, and
step

plate.
FIG.
N-62—INSTALLING
CROSS
PIN

r.
Prelubricate the cross pin with the specified

lubricant.
Assemble cross pin into case. Use a
hammer
as shown. Be sure the snap ring
grooves

of the cross pin are
exposed
to allow assembly of
the snap rings. Refer to Fig. N-62. s. Assemble snap rings.
FIG.
N-63—TORQUING
RING
GEAR
SCREWS
t.
Remove case from axle shaft. Assemble ring gear
to case.

u.
Line
up the ring gear screw
holes
with
those

of the case. Assemble ring gear screws finger tight,

v.
Reposition differential case
onto
axle shaft as shown.
Draw
screws up evenly.

Note:
Use new ring gear screws and torque to 45-
50 ft. lbs.
w.
This
completes
the service procedure for the

Trac-Lok
assembly.
Install
Trac-Lok
differential case assembly into axle housing. Follow the service
procedure given in Par. N-8 and
N-l
7 through

N-l9,
to complete the differential and axle assembly
servicing.

N-32.
Complete
Trac-Lok
Assembly Replacement

a.
If inspection reveals that the replacement of the
Trac-Lok
as a unit is required, the following

steps
should be followed.

b.
Remove both differential bearing
cones
and

shims.
Mark
or tag each side bearing
cone
and

shim
pack as it is removed to indicate from which
side of the case they were removed.

c.
To remove ring gear from case, follow the
same
steps
as illustrated in Fig. N-42.

d.
Assemble ring gear to new
Trac-Lok
case.
Fol­

low the same
steps
as illustrated in
Fig.
N-63.
Make

sure
the gear flange on the differential case is free
of nicks,
burrs,
etc.
e. Inspect shims and bearings which were removed

from
the old case. If shims on bearings show exces­
sive wear or damage, they should be replaced.
Make
sure they are used on exactly the same sides
of the new case as they were removed from the
old case. Assemble shims and differential bearing cones. Use
step
plate on
bottom
bearing to protect
the bearing from becoming damaged during as­ sembly of the top bearing. To completely seat
the bearings use the proper bearing driver tool.
f. Prelubricate differential bearing
cones
with the
specified lubricant, and assemble case into axle
housing. Follow the service procedure given in
Par.
N-8 and N-l7 through N-19 to complete the

differential
and axle assembly servicing.
N-33.
INSTALLING
REAR
AXLE

All
service replacement axle assemblies are shipped

from
the factory without lubricant in the differ­
ential.
Lubricant
must be added to the differential
before the axles are installed in vehicles. Use the grade and quantity of lubricant specified in the

Lubrication
Chart.

When
adding differential lubricant, suspend the axle with the axle shafts horizontal and the yoke
end of the pinion housing hanging down, then
turn

the pinion shaft several times to assure that the

lubricant
gets
into the pinion shaft bearings.

Procedure
for installing the
rear
axle on Jeep
Universal
Series vehicles is as follows:

a.
Position the axle assembly under the vehicle.

b.
Position springs to axle pads, and install spring

clips
and nuts. 309

m

REAR AXLE
c. Attach the brake line
hose
at tee fitting on top
of housing.

d.
Attach parking brake cables at rear of brake
backing plate. DJ
models
only.
e. Connect the shock absorbers at the axle mount­
ing pads.
f. Connect the propeller shaft at the rear universal
joint.
g. Adjust and bleed brakes. (See Section P).

h.
Install
wheels
and lower vehicle to floor.
i.
Check parking brake as described in Section P.

j.
Fill
the axle housing with the proper lubricant.

For
correct lubricant refer to the
Lubrication
Chart.

N-34.
TROUBLE
SHOOTING

The
following problems can be present with either the conventional differential,
Powr-Lok
or
Trac-
Lok
differential.
N-35. Backlash

Excessive
backlash in the vehicle drive line may be the results of
excessive
backlash in the trans­
mission, propeller shaft spline, universal joint, ring gear and pinion, the axle shaft spline, or the dif­
ferential.
Excessive
backlash in the differential may be meas­

ured
as follows:
a.
Jack
up one rear wheel.
b. Put the transmission in gear.
c. Measure the travel of the jacked-up wheel on
a
10"
[25,40
cm.] radius from the wheel center.

This
total
movement
should not
exceed
IVi" [3,17 cm.] in a new unit. In order to restrict the

backlash
to the axles only, make sure that the
yoke of the propeller shaft
does
not
move
during
the check.

d.
If all causes of backlash mentioned
above
have

been
eliminated with the exception of the differen­

tial
and that still
exceeds
the maximum allowable
movement, overhaul the differential.
N-36.
Rear
Wheel
Noise

Looseness of the rear axle shaft nut on semifloat- ing tapered rear axles may produce a clicking or
creaking
noise.
This
noise
can usually be
stopped

by torquing the wheel hub nut 150 to 175 lb-ft. [20,7 a 24,2 kg-m.]. If the condition has continued
for
some
time, slight wear may have resulted allow­
ing the
noise
to persist. In this case, coat the hub,
key, and keyway on tapered axle shafts with white
lead and torque the nut as specified. If the
noise
persists after this treatment, replace the worn parts.

N-37.
SERVICE DIAGNOSIS

SYMPTOMS

Axle
Noisy on Pull and
Coast
Excessive
Back
Lash
Bevel
Gear
and Pinion. . . . . Adjust

End
Play Pinion Shaft Adjust

Worn
Pinion Shaft Bearing Adjust
Pinion
Set too Deep in Bevel
Gear
too Tight..... Adjust

Wrong
Lubricant
Being Used
(Powr-Lok
or
Trac-Lok
Differential) . Replace

Axle
Noisy on
Pull
Pinion
and Bevel
Gear
Improperly Adjusted Adjust

Pinion
Bearings Rough....................... Adjust

Pinion
Bearings Loose Adjust

Axle
Noisy on Coast
Excessive
Back
Lash
in Bevel
Gear
and Pinion. . . Adjust

End
Play in Pinion Shaft. . Adjust

Improper
Tooth Contact.
....................
Adjust
Rough Bearings Replace

Back
Lash
Worn
Differential Pinion
Gear
Washers Adjust
Excessive
Back
Lash
in Bevel
Gear
and Pinion. . . Adjust

Worn
Universal Joints Replace
PROBABLE REMEDY

310

Jeep'
UNIVERSAL SERIES SERVICE
MANUAL
N N-38.
REfiR flXLE SPECIFICATIONS

DJ MODELS
TAPERED AXLE SHAFT CJ MODELS
TAPERED AXLE SHAFT DJ and CJ MODELS
FLANGED AXLE SHAFT
Make
Model
Description Drive Pinion Offset (Vertical)
Number of Differential Pinions.......
Gear Ratio:
V6 Engine:
Standard
Optional
F4 Engine: Standard
Optional
Ring Gear Pitch Diameter
Pinion Adjustment
Pinion Bearing Adjustment Dana
27
Semifloating Hypoid Gears 1.38" [35 mm.] 2

3.73:1
4.88:1
4.56:1

7.75" [19,68 cm.] Shim
Shim Dana
44
Semifloating Hypoid Gears 1.50" [38,0 mm.] 2

3.73:1

4.88:1
4.27:1
5.38:1

8.50" [21,6 cm.] Shim Shim Dana
44
Semifloating Hypoid Gears 1.50" [38,0 mm.] 2

3.73:1

4.88:1
4.56:1
5.38:1

8.50" [21,6 cm.] Shim Shim 311

'Jeep'
UNIVERSAL
SERIES SERVICE
MANUAL

STEERING SYSTEM

Contents

SUBJECT
PAR.

GENERAL......
O-l
Camber
Adjustment 0-9

Caster
Adjustment. .0-10

Front
Wheel Alignment Adjustments.....
.
0-6

Front
Wheel Shimmy 0-13

Front
Wheel Turning Angle Oil
Steering Knuckle Arm O-l2
Steering
Gear
Function 0-2
Steering Linkage 0-3
Toe-in
Adjustment 0-7, 8

STEERING LINKAGE SERVICE..
O-l4
Drag
Link
or Connecting Rod O-l5

Tie
Rod 0-16

Tie
Rod Removal.. O-l7

Beilcrank
Service O-l8
SUBJECT
PAR.

STEERING GEAR SERVICE
.0-22 Reassembly of Steering
Gear
0-25 Disassembly of Steering
Gear
0-24 Installation of Steering
Gear
0-26

Removal
of Steering
Gear
0-23
Steering
Gear
Adjustment. . 0-5

STEERING
COLUMN
AND
WHEEL SERVICE.
..................
.0-20
Steering Column Adjustments 0-4
Steering Wheel Installation 0-27
Steering Wheel Removal 0-21

SERVICE
DIAGNOSIS.
. 0-28

SPECIFICATIONS.
.0-29

<§>-
i©1


CJ-3B

0
0 0
®

1—
Frame
Cross Tube
(CJ-3B)

2— Steering Beilcrank Bracket
(CJ-3B)

3—
Steering Beilcrank
4—
Front
Axle Assembly 5— Steering Connecting Rod (Drag
Link)

6— Steering
Gear
Arm

7—
Steering
Gear

8—
Left
Steering Knuckle and Arm
9—
Left
Shaft and Universal Joint
FIG.
O-l—STEERING LINKAGE

10—
Left
Tie Rod Socket 11—
Left
Steering Tie Rod
12—
Left
Tie Rod Socket 13—
Right
Tie Rod Socket
14—
Beilcrank
Nut
15—
Washer

16— Bolt 17—
Beilcrank
Bearing 18—
Bearing
Spacer
(Early
Model) 19—
Washer

20—
Beilcrank
Shaft
21—
Bearing
Seal
22— Nut
23—
Lockwasher

24—
Right
Steering Tie Rod 25—
Right
Shaft and Universal Joint 26—
Right
Steering Knuckle and Arm 313