differential MAZDA MX-5 1994 Workshop Manual

SAFETY INFORMATION SAFETY INFORMATION LUBRICANTS ) Avoid prolonged and repeated contact with petroleum-based oils. Used oil may irritate the skin, and can ...--/ cause skin cancer and other skin disorders. Wash thoroughly after working with oil. We recommend water soluble hand cleaners. Do not use kero- sene, gasoline, or any other solvent, to remove oil from your skin. If repeated or prolonged contact with oil is necessary, wear protective clothing. Soiled clothing, particu- larly those soiled with used oils and greases containing lead, should be cleaned at regular intervals. 46UGIX-002 JACKING POSITIONS Warning Improperly jacking a vehicle is dangerous. The vehicle can slip off the jack and cause serious injury. Use only the correct front and rear jacking positions and block the wheels. Use safety stands to support the vehicle after it has been lifted. Front At the center of the crossmember SAFETY STAND POSITIONS Front Both sides of the vehicle, on side sills Rear At the center of the differential Rear Both sides of the vehicle, on side sills Gartner Banana

ABBREVIATIONS 4BDC .... 4BS ...... 4CC ...... 4T ........ 4TDC ..... 4TF ...... 4TS ...... 3AC ...... 3BDC .... 3TDC ..... :ID ....... 2U ....... IOHC .... IRL ...... ITM ...... IC-AT .... iGRA .... EGRV .... ELR ...... EPC ...... ESPS ..... ETS ...... EX ....... FMEM .... HFC ...... HLA ...... H U ....... IC ........ IG ........ IN ........ INT ....... LFC ...... LH ....... LSD ...... M ........ MAF RTN . MT ....... PCTS ..... PCV ...... PIP ....... PRC ...... PIS ....... PMI ...... PWR GND RH ....... RPM ...... RTS ...... SIG RTN . . SLS ...... ... SPOUT S R ....... SST ...... ST ....... SW ....... TDC ...... TNS ...... TRS ...... VPWR .... WSS ..... WTS...... After bottom dead center Antilock brake system Accessory Automatic transmission After top dead center Automatic transmission fluid Ambient temperature sensor Bypass air control Before bottom dead center Before top dead center Cylinder identification display Control unit Double overhead camshaft Daytime running light Diagnostic test mode Electronically controlled automatic transmission EGR air solenoid valve EGR vacuum solenoid valve Emergency locking retractor Electronic pressure control Engine speed sensing power steering Evaporator temperature sensor Exhaust Failure mode effects management High fan control Hydraulic lash adjuster Hydraulic unit Integrated circuit Ignition Intake Intermittent Low fan control Left hand Limited slip differential Motor Mass airflow return Manual transmission Passenger compartment temperature sensor Positive crankcase ventilation Profile ignition pickup Pressure regulator control Power steering Power window Power ground Right hand Revolutions per minute Reduce torque signal Signal return Slip lockup signal Spark output Sensor rotor Special service tool Start Switch Top dead center Tail number side (taillights, license plate lights and side marker lights) Torque reduced signal Vehicle power Wheel speed sensor Water temperature sensor Gartner Banana

SAE STANDARDS Engine and Emission Systems (cont'd) I Previous Standard I SAE Standard b I - Abbreviation ( Name I Oxvaen Sensor - .w- - I I ." I 02s I Oxygen Sensor I - PTC Reed Valve Relief 1 Solenoid Valve Secondary Air lnjection System - Seauential Fuel lniection SMFl L - Service Code(s) DTC - Spark Ignition Dl - Supercharger SC Abbreviation I Name Open Loop Positive Temperature Coefficient Hnatar Secondarv Air Pulse Valve Remark . .--.-. Pressure Sensor Secondary Air Bypass valve Pulsed Secondarv Air lniection H02S I Heated Oxvaen Sensor I With heater OL EFE Secondary Air lnjection Sequential Multipoint Fuel lnjection Diagnostic Trouble Code(s) Open Loop Early Fuel Evaporation MAP MVS Distributor lgnition Supercharger Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor Manifold Vacuum Sensor I - - - - - - Checks vacuum only Pulsed iniection - Switching Solenoid Valve Test Mode(s) Three Way Catalyst Throttle Body Throttle Sensor Turbocharaer .. Maifold Differential Pressure Manifold Vacuum Zone Switch , - I - 1 VAC I MDP 1-1 Water Thermosensor L - I Vacuum Switch I ECTS I Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor I SASV DTM TWC TB TPS TC MVZS #6: Supplies air to three way catalyst #7: Diagnostic trouble codes depend on the test mode - Secondary Air Switching Valve Diagnostic Test Mode(s) Three Way Catalyst Throttle Body Throttle Position Sensor Turbocharaer Transmission (Transaxle) and Steering System L - - Previous Standard I I I I Abbreviation - - - SAE Standard Fully Open Inhibitor Switch - I Lock-up Position - - Name Clutch Position EC-AT Control Unit Fullv Closed Abbreviation CPP PCMT CTP TCC I Torque Converter Clutch - - - WOT PNS Output Signal(s) Overdrive I Name Clutch Pedal Position Powertrain Control Module (Transaxle) Powertrain Control Module (Transmission) Closed Throttle Position Wide Open Throttle ParWNeutral Switch Power Steering Pressure Switch Pulse Generator Vehicle Speed Sensor - 1 3rd Gear Remark FF FR PTCS 4GR 3GR I Third Gear Powertrain Control Signal(@ Fourth Gear SPS VSPG VSS Steering Pressure Sensor Vehicle Speed Pulse Generator Vehicle Speed Sensor Gartner Banana

PRE-DELIVERY INSPECTION PRE-DELIVERY INSPECTION PRE-DELIVERY INSPECTION TABLE The following items may be done at any time prior to delivery to your customer. INSPECT and ADJUST, if necessary, the following items to specification: 0 Glass, exterior bright metal and paint for damage 0 Convertible top and detachable hardtop (if equipped) for damage 0 Wheel lug nuts and locks 89-117 N.m (9-1 2 kgf.m, 66-86 ft4bf) 0 All weatherstrips for damage or detachment Operation of hood release and lock Operation of fuel lid 0 Door operation and alignment Headlight aiming INSTALL the following parts: Wheel caps (if equipped) 0 Outside mirror(s) 0 Mast antenna (if equipped) UNDER HOOD-ENGINE OFF INSPECT and ADJUST, if necessary, the following items to specification : Fuel, coolant, and hydraulic lines, fittings, connections, and components for leaks Engine oil level 0 Power steering fluid level (if equipped) Brake and clutch master cylinder fluid level 0 Windshield washer reservoir fluid level 0 Radiator coolant level and specific gravity 0 Tightness of battery terminals pKiq INSTALL the following parts: CHECK operation of the following items: 0 Seat controls (sliding and reclining) 0 Door locks 0 Seat belts and warning system 0 Air bag system using indicator light (Refer to section T) Ignition switch and steering lock 0 Starter interlock switch (clutch pedal) All lights, including warning, and indicator lights 0 Audible warning system 0 Horn, wipers, and washers Audio system 0 Cigarette lighter Power windows (if equipped) 0 Power outside mirrors (if equipped) 0 Heater, defroster, and air conditioner at all mode selections (if equipped) CHECK the following items: Presence of spare fuses 0 Upholstery and interior finish CHECK and ADJUST, if necessary, the following items: 0 Pedal height and free play of brake and clutch pedals I Pedal height mm {in} I Ft: $iy I Clutch pedal {6.89--7.28) (with carpet) Parking brake 7-9 notchesil96 N (20 kgf, 44 Ibf) 0.63.1 (0.024. 12) Brake pedal RUNNING AT OPERATING TEMPERATURE CHECK the following items: 0 Automatic transmission oil level 171-181 (6.73--7.13) (with carpet) I ON HOIST I 4--7 {0.16-0.28} CHECK the following items: 0 Underside fuel, coolant, and hydraulic lines, fittings, con- nections, and components for leaks 4 Tires for cuts or bruises 0 Steering linkage, suspension, exhaust system, and all underside hardware for looseness or damage Manual transmission oil level Differential oil level I ROAD TEST I CHECK the following items: Brake operation Clutch operation 0 Steering control 0 Operation of meters and gauges Squeaks, rattles and unusual noises 0 Overall engine performance Seat belt emergency locking retractors 0 Cruise control system (if equipped) I AFTER ROAD TEST I CHECK for necessary owner information materials, tools and spare tire in vehicle The following items must be done just before the delivery to your customer. 0 Load test battery and charge if necessary -1 Install fuses for accessories Adjust tire pressure to specification Load test fesuk 0 Remove seat and floor mat protective covers (Refer to Door Label) 0 Vacuum and clean interior of vehicle Clean outside of vehicle Inspect installation of option parts with invoice 45UOAX-002 Gartner Banana

Schedule 1 (Normal driving conditions) (MT) (Cont'd) Maintenance 1 Number of months or kilometers {miles), whichever comes first I I 1 Months 1 6 18 124 130 136 142148 Service data and inspection point 36,000 1 48,000 1 60,000 1 72,000 1 84,000 1 96,000 Maintenance item I CHASSIS AND BODY Brake lines, hoses, and connections Disc plate thickness Front: 18.0mm (0.71 in)--Minimum I I 1 near: 8.0mm {o31 inFMnimum P-6 I Disc brakes I Pad thickness: I I I I I ~10mrn~0.04inMlinimum I Proper attachment and connections Steering operation and linkage I I I I I I I 0-3'0mm (0-1.1 8 in) Operation and looseness Fluid leakaae or oozina I I Front suspension ball joints I I Free play: I I I I I I I - - Manual transmission oil I I I I I , I Damage, looseness and I grease leakage Oil capacity: 2.0 L (2.1 US at. 1.8 Imp qtJ Ill I I I I I Cracking and damage I , I Oil capacity: I I I Differential oil I Drive shaft dust boots I Bolts and nuts on chassis and body I I I n I 1 .OO L {I .06 US qt, 0.88 Imp qt} Ill Exhaust system heat shield I I I I 1 Retiahten all loose bolts and nuts L All locks and hinges lLlLl - AIR CONDITIONER SYSTEM I L Refrigerant pressure Low pressure: 0.1 5-0.25 MPa {I -52.5 kgf/cm2, 21-36 psi) High pressure: 1.37-1 -57 MPa {I 4.0-1 6.0 kgf/cm2, 1 XI-228 psi] - L Corn~ressor I lnswct the o~eration annuallv Refrigerant L Inspect the refrigerant amount annually L I L " Insulator clearance between body and exhaust system Lubricate all locks and hinges F-128 - Gartner Banana

Schedule 1 (Normal driving conditions) (AT) (Cont'd) - .. .. Brake lines, hoses, and connections -- Front suspension ball joints Page I Disc brakes Steering operation and linkage I I 1 I I I I Drive shaft dust boots Ill CHASSIS AND BODY Service data and inspection point Maintenance Number of months or kilometers {miles), whichever comes first I I Differential oil I interval Months Maintenance Kilometers item Miles Exhaust system heat shield I 36 72,000 45,000 I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I All locks and hinaes lLlLlLlLlLlLlL 6 12,000 7,500 Bolts and nuts on chassis and body - AIR CONDIIONER SYSTEM 42 84,000 52,500 I Ill 12 24,000 15,000 96,000 60,000 Proper attachment and connections Disc plate thickness Front: 18.0mm (0.71 in)-Minimum Rear: 8.0mm f0.31 in)--Minimum Pad thickness: 1 .Omm 10.04 inl-Minimum .-- Free play: C-30mm (0-1 .I 8 in) Operation and looseness Fluid leakage or oozing 18 36,000 22,500 Refrigerant Compressor Damage, looseness and arease leakaae Inspect the refrigerant amount annually Inspect the operation annually 24 48,000 30,000 30 60,000 37,500 Cracking and damage Oil capacity: 1 .OO L 11.06 US at. 0.88 Irn~ at} M-17 M-25 Retighten all loose bolts and nuts Insulator clearance between bodv and exhaust system Refrigerant pressure Low pressure: 0.1 5-0.25 MPa (1 .5-2.5 kgf/:, 21-36 psi) 1 LJ: High pressure: 1.37-1.57 MPa {I 4.0-1 6.0 kgf/cm2, 194--228 psi) - F-128 Lubricate all locks and hinges - Gartner Banana

2 (Unique driving conditions) (MT) (Cont'd) Number of months or kilometers miles), whichever comes first 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 48 56 64 72 80 88 96 Service data and inspection point Page Maintenance interval Maintenance item .# CHASSIS AND BODY Proper attachment and connections Brake lines, hoses, and connections IIII Disc brakes I Steering operation and linkage Disc plate thickness Front: 18.0mm (0.71 inkMinimum Rear: 8.0mm I0.31 in)--Minimum Pad thickness: 1 .Omm 10.04 inbMinimum Free play: O-30mm {0-1.18 in) Operation and looseness Fluid leakage or oozing Front suspension ball joints 1111 Damage, looseness and arease leakaae I I I I Drive shaft dust boots Cracking and damage Manual transmission oil Oil capacity: 2.0 L (2.1 US at, 1.8 I~D at1 Differential oil Oil capacity: 1 .OO L(1.06 US qt, 0.88 Imp qt} Retighten all loose bolts and nuts I I I Bolts and nuts on chassis and body Exhaust system heat shield Insulator clearance between bodv and exhaust svstem I I I I All locks and hinges ILlLlLlL Lubricate all locks and hinges - I AIR CONDITIONER SYSTEM ~p - ~-~p- Refrigerant Inspect the refrigerant amount annually Refrigerant pressure Low pressure: 0.1 5-0.25 MPa {I S-2.5 kgf/cm2, 21 -36 psi} High pressure: 1.37-1 57 MPa (1 4.0-1 6.0 kgf/cm2, 194-228 psi) Comoressor I lnsoect the ooeration annuallv I I - Gartner Banana

I Brake lines. hoses, and connections Ill Schedule 2 (Unique driving conditions) (AT) (Cont'd) Disc brakes Steering operation and linkage I Front suspension ball joints 111 Page I Drive shaft dust boots I I I CHASSIS AND BODY Service data and inspection point Maintenance Number of months or kilometers {miles}, whichever comes first I Differential oil 111 I Bolts and nuts on chassis and body 111 48 96 60 I Exhaust system heat shield Ill interval Months Kilometers Maintenance (x1,OOO) Miles(x1,OOO) All locks and hinges AIR CONDIVONER SYSTEM 12 24 15 4 8 5 Disc plate thickness Front: 18.0mm (0.71 in)-Minimum Rear: 8.0mm i0.31 in)-Minimum Pad thickness: 1 .Omm (0.04 in)--Minimum Free play: 0-30mm {O-1 .I 8 in} Operation and looseness Fluid leakage or oozing 16 32 20 8 16 10 P--6 I l Oil capacity: I I I I 1 I 1.00 L 11-06 US at. 0.88 lm~ at I M-25 l Proper attachment and connections I I I I I I I I 7, .' , Ill I 1 I I Retighten all loose bolts and nuts I - 20 40 25 l Damage, looseness and grease leakage Cracking and damage Insulator clearance between I I I I I1Iob odv and exhaust svstem 28 56 35 24 48 30 L 1 L I L I L 1 L 1 L 1 Lubricatealllocksandhinges I - Refrigerant 32 64 40 Inspect the refrigerant amount annually 36 72 45 l Refrigerant pressure Low pressure: 0.1 5-0.25 MPa (1.5-2.5 kgf/cm2, 21-36 psi} High pressure: 1.37-1 57 MPa {I 4.0-1 6.0 kgfld, 19%-228 psi] - I 40 80 50 Compressor 44 88 55 Inspect the operation annually Gartner Banana

COMPRESSION COMPRESSION If the engine exhibits low power, poor fuel economy, or poor idle, check the following: 1. Ignition system (Refer to section G.) 2. Compression (Refer to page B-10.) 3. Fuel system (Refer to section F.) INSPECTION 1. Check that the battery is fully charged. Recharge it if necessary. (Refer to section G.) 2. Warm up the engine to the normal operating tempera- ture. 3. Turn the engine OFF. 4. Remove all spark plugs. 5. Disconnect the ignition coil connector. 6. Connect a compression gauge to the No.1 spark plug hole. 7. Fully depress the accelerator pedal and crank the en- gine. 8. Record the maximum gauge reading. 9. Check each cylinder, as above. Compression: 1,255 kPa (1 2.8 kgf/cm2, 182 psi)-300 rpm Minimum: 883 kPa (9.0 kgf/cm2, 128 psiF300 rpm Differential limit between cylinders: 196 kPa (2.0 kgf/cm2, 28 psi} 10. If the compression in one or more cylinders is low, pour a small amount of engine oil into the cylinder and re- check the compression. (1) If the compression increases, the piston, piston rings, or cylinder wall may be worn. (2) If the compression stays low, the valve may be stuck or seated improperly. (3) If the compression in adjacent cylinders stays low, the cylinder head gasket may be defective or the cyl- inder head distorted. 11 . Connect the ignition coil connector. 12. Install the spark plugs. Tightening torque: 15--22 N.m (1.5-2.3 kgf.m, 11-16 ftlbf) Gartner Banana

OUTLINE, TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE D OUTLINE SPECIFICATIONS Engine BP DOHC Lubrication system Oil capacity Engine oil Force-fed type Trochoid gear 344--441 {3.5-4.5,50--63) Full-flow, paper element 79--117 {0.&1.2, 12-1 7) Oil pump Oil filter Oil and oil filter replacement L {US qt, Imp qt) API service SG, SH (ECII) l LSAC TY pe Relief pressure kPa {kgf/cm2, psi) Type Relief pressure differential kPa {kgf/cm2, psi) Total (dry engine) L (US qt, Imp qt} Oil replacement L {US qt, Imp qt} 3.75 (4.0, 3.3) 4.0 f4.2, 3.5) 3.6 (3.8,3.2) I TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE Problem SAE 1 OW-30 SAE 5W-30 Viscosity number Engine hard starting 45UODX-003 Above -25°C (-1 3°F) Below 0°C {32"F} Excessive oil consumption Oil pressure drop Oil pressure gauge (meter) does not operate Warning Possible Cause Improper engine oil Insufficient engine oil Oil working up or down Oil leakage Insufficient oil Oil leakage Worn and/or damaged oil pump inner and outer rotor Worn plunger (inside oil pump) or weak spring Clogged oil strainer Excessive main bearing or connecting rod bearing clearance Oil pressure drop Malfunction of oil pressure gauge Malfunction of electrical system Remedy Replace Add oil Refer to section 6 Repair Add oil Repair Replace Replace Clean Refer to section B As described above Refer to section T Refer to section T Page D-5 D-5 - 0-5 - D-11,12 D-ll,12 - - 45UODX-004 Conthuous exposure with USED engine oil has caused skin cancer in laboratory mice. Protect your skin by washing with soap and water immediately after this work. Gartner Banana