engine NISSAN ALMERA N15 1995 Service Manual

SERVICEDATAANDSPECIFICATIONS (SOS)
General Specifications
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

Engine GA14DE
GA15DE
GA16DE
Classification Gasoline
Cylinder arrangement 4,
in-line
Displacement cm
3

(cuin) 1,392(84.94) 1,498
(91.41)
1.597(97.45)
Bore xstroke mm(in) 73.6x81.8 (2.898 x3.220) 73.6
x88.0 (2.898 x3.465) 76.0x88.0 (2.992 x3.465)
Valve arrangement DOHC
Firing order 1-3-4-2
Number ofpiston rings
Compression 1'2,2

.

Oil 1
Number ofmain bearings 5
Compression ratio 959.9
9.8'1,9.9'2

Valve timing
~-r-y'
~U&l'

f
0,0

~J}&

BOC
EM120

Unit: degree
a b
cde
GA14DE 214"214° 0°
34° _4°
38°
GA15DE 222°
222° 0"
42°
-40

46°
GA16DE without
222° 214° 0°
34° 0°
VTC 42°
GA16DE withVTC
222" 236°_12°
68°0°42"
for Australia
GA16DE withVTC
except forAustra- 222°
248° 2"
66°
-4"

46"
lia
'1: For Europe andIsrael
'2: Except forEurope andIsrael

EM-155
•

SERVICEDATAANDSPECIFICATIONS (50S)
Inspection andAdjustment
ENGINE COMPRESSION PRESSURE CYLINDERHEAD
Unit: kPa(bar, kg/cm
2,
psi)/rpm Unit:
mm(in)
Compression Difference
ratio Standard Minimumlimitbetween
Refer toSDS
cylinders
(EM-155).
9.5 1,324
(13.24, 1,128
(11.28,
13.5, 192)/350 11.5,
164)/350
9.8 1,353
(13.53, 1,157
(11.57,
98(0.98, 1.0,
13.8, 196)/350 11.8,
168)/350
14)/350
9.9 1,373
(13.7,14, 1,177
(11.8,12,
199)/350 171)/350

VALVE
Standard
Limit
Head surface Lessthan
0.1(0.004)
flatness 0.03
(0.0012)
Height 117.8
-118.0
(4.638 -4.646)
-

Unit: mm(in)

---L
SEM188-b
GA14DE andGA15DE GA16DE
Intake 28.9
-29.2 29.9-30.2
(1.138 -1.150) (1.177
-1.189)
Valve headdiameter "0"
23.9-24.2 (0.941 -0.949): without VTC
Exhaust 23.9
-24.2
24.9-25.2 (0.980 -0.992):
(0.941 -0.953)
withVTC
Intake 92.00
-92.5 (3.6220 -3.6417)
Valve length "L"
Exhaust 92.37-92.87 (3.6366 -3.6563)
Intake 5.465-5.480 (0.2152 -0.2157)
Valve stemdiameter "d"
Exhaust 5.445
-5.460 (0.2144 -0.2150)
Valve faceangle "u" 45°15'
-45°45'

.

Valve margin
'T'
limit 0.9-1.1 (0.035 -0.043)
Valve stemendsurface grinding limit Less
than0.2(0.008)
Valve clearance
Unit:mm(in)
For adjusting Forchecking
Hot Cold*
Hot
Intake 0.32
-0.40 0.25
-0.33
0.21-0.49
(0.013 -0.016) (0.010-0.013) (0.008-0.019)
Exhaust 0.37
-0.45 0.32-0.40
0.30-0.58
(0.015 -0.018) (0.013-0.016) (0.012-0.023)
*: At atemperature ofapproximately 20°C(68°F)
Whenever valveclearances areadjusted tocold specifications,
check thattheclearances satisfyhotspecifications andadjust again
if necessary.
EM-156

SERVICEOATAAND SPECIFICATIONS (SOS)
Inspection andAdjustment (Cont'd)
CAMSHAFT ANDCAMSHAFT BEARING CYLINDERBLOCK
Camshaft
Unit:
mm(in)
Unit: mm(in)
GA16DE GA16DE
GA16DE with
with
Engine GA14DEGA15DE without
VTC
VTC
for
model
VTC
except
Aus-
for tralia
Europe
39,880 -
39,380 -40,610
-
40,610 -

Q)
40070
39,570
40,800
40800

""
(1.5701
-(1.5504 -(1.5988 -(1.5988 -

<1l

39,380 -
Cam
C

1.5776)1.5579)1.6063) 1.6063)
39.570
height
-

"A" (1,5504
-
40.056 -39.880 -
40.056 -39.91
-

U;
1.5579)
40.24640,07040.246 40.100

:::l

<1l
(1.5770-(1.5701-(1.5770 -(1.5713 -

.c

x

1,5845)1,5776)
1.5845) 1,5787)

w

Cam wear
0.20(0.0079)
limit

EM671
Camshaft bearing

Unit:mm(in)
Standard Limit
Camshaft journaltobear- 0,045
-0.086
0,15(0.0059)
ing clearance (00018-0.0034)
NO.1 28.000
-28,021
Inner diameter
(1.1024-1 1032)
of camshaft
-

bearing No.
2to 24,000
-24021
No, 5 (0.9449
-0.9457)
NO.1 27.935
-27.955
Outer diameter
(1,0998-1.1006)
of camshaft
.-

journal No.
2to 23935
-23.955
No, 5 (0,9423
-0,9431)
Camshaft runout[TIR'1] Less
than
01(0,004)
0.02 (0.0008)
0070 -0 143
(0,0028 -
Camshaft endplay 0.0056)'2
020(0,0079)
0,115 -0,188
(0.0045 -
0.0074)'3
T

1
Crankshaftcenter

SEM171D

GA14DE GA16DE
GA15DE Limit
Standard
Surface flatness Less
than
0,1(0,004)
0,03 (0.0012)
Height "H"(nominal) 213.95
-214.05

-

(8.4232 -8.4271)
Standard Inner diameter
73.600- 76.000-
Grade No.1 73,610
76,010
(2.8976 -(2,9921
-
2.8980) 2.9925)
73.610 - 76.010
-
Grade NO.2 73,620
76020
0.2(0,008)
(2.8980 -(2.9925
-
2.8984) 2.9929)
73,620 - 76.020-
Grade No.3 73.630
76.030
(2,8984 -(2.9929 -
2.8988) 2,9933)
Out-ot-round Less
than

-

(X -Yi
0,015
(0.0006)
Less than
Taper (A-B)
._-

0.01 (0.0004)
Difference ininner
diameter between 005
(0,0020) 0,2
(0.008)
cylinders
'1: Total indicator reading
'2: GA 16DE without
VTC
and 14DE
'3: GA16DE withVTC andGA15DE

EM-160

SEM685D
#5
#4 ~

~il hole #3~~ \)

#2 ~~'
#1~~~ ~~

L2 ~~

Engine front~

MAIN
BEARING SERVICE
DATAANDSPECIFICATIONS (SOS)
Inspection andAdjustment (Cont'd)
CONNECTING RODBEARING
Connecting rodbearing
Standard size

Unit:mm(in)
Grade Thickness"T"Width"W" Identification
number color(mark)

0 1.500
-1.503

Nocolor (A)

(0.0591 -0.0592)
1 1.503
-1.506 16.9-17.1

Black(B)

(0.0592 -0.0593) (0.665-0.673)
2 1.506
-1.509

Brown(C)

(0.0593 -0.0594)
Undersize
Standard
Unit:
mm(in)
Connecting rodbearing clearance
Undersize
Thickness

"T"
Crank
pinjournal
diameter "Op"

0.08 (0.0031) 1.541
-1.549
(0.0607 -0.0610)
1.561 -1.569
Grind
sothat bear-

0.12 (0.0047)
(0.0615-0.0618)
ing
clearance isthe
specified value.

0.25 (0.0098) 1.626
-1.634
(0.065 -0.00256)

Unit:
mm(in)
Grade Thickness "T"Width"W" Identification
number color
(mark)

0 1.977
-1.980

Black(A)

(0.0778 -0.0780)
1 1.980
-1.983

Brown(B)

(0.0780 -0.0781)
2 1.983
-1.986

Green(C)

(0.0781 -0.0782)
3 1.986-1.989
18.9-19.1

Yellow(D)

(0.0782 -0.0783) (0.744
-0.752)
4 1.989
-1.992

Blue(E)

(0.0783 -0.0784)
5 1.992
-1.995

Pink(F)

(0.0784 -0.0785)
6 1.995
-1.998

Nocolor (G)

(0.0785 -0.Q787)
Undersize
Unit:mm(in)
Bearing
clearance

Main bearing clearance
Standard
Limit
Standard
Limit Unit:
mm(in)

0.004 -0.022 (0.0002 -0.0009)
0.05 (0.0020)
0.020 -0.045 (0.0008 -0.0018)
0.065 (0.00256)

Undersize Thickness
"T" Main
journal
diameter "Om"
MISCELLANEOUS
COMPONENTS

Unit:mm(in)

0.25 (0.0098) 2.109
-2.117
(0.0830 -0.0833)
Grind
sothat bear-
ing clearance isthe
specified value. Camshaft
sprocketrunoutlimit

[TIR]

Flywheel runoutlimit[TIR]
Drive platerunout limit[TIA]
0.25
(0.0098)
0.15 (0.0059)
0.2 (0.008)
EM-170

GENERALINFORMATION •
SECTION
G
I

CONTENTS
PRECAUTIONS 2

Supplemental RestraintSystem(SRS)"AIR
BAG" (DualAirBag System) 2
Supplemental RestraintSystem(SRS)"AIR
BAG" (Single AirBag System) 2
Precautions forNATS V2.0(ForGasoline
Engine Model) 3
General Precautions 3
Precautions forMultiport FuelInjection
System orECCS Engine 5
Precautions forThree WayCatalyst 5
Engine Oils 5
Precautions forFuel 6

HOW TOUSE THIS
MANUAL 7

HOW TOREAD WIRING DIAGRAMS 9

Sample/Wiring Diagram-EXAMPL - 9
Description 11
Wiring Diagram Codes(CellCodes) 17

HOW TOPERFORM EFFICIENT DIAGNOSIS FOR
AN ELECTRICAL INCIDENT 18

Work Flow 18
Incident Simulation Tests 19
Circuit Inspection 23
HOW
TOFOLLOW FLOWCHART INTROUBLE
DIAGNOSES 29
CONSULT CHECKING SYSTEM
32

Function andSystem Application 32
Lithium BatteryReplacement.. 32
Checking Equipment 32

IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION 33

Model Variation 33
Identification Number 36
Di mens ions 39
Wheels andTires 39

LIFTING POINTSANDTOW TRUCK TOWING ..40

Preparation 40
Board-on
Lift
40
Garage JackandSafety Stand 41
2-pole Lift 42
Tow Truck Towing 43

TIGHTENING TORQUEOFSTANDARD BOLTS
44

SAE J1930 TERMINOLOGY LIST 45

SAE J1930 Terminology List.. 45

SGI916PRECAUTIONS

• Donot use electrical testequipment onany circuit related •
to the SRS unless instructed tointhis Service Manual.

Precautions forNATS V2.0(ForGasoline Engine
Model)
NATS (Nissan Anti-Theft System)

NATS V2.0willimmobilize theengine ifsomeone triestostart
it without theregistered keyofNATS V2.0.
Both ofthe originally suppliedignitionkeyIDshave been NATS
registered.
The NATS security indicator islocated onthe instrument panel.
The indicator blinkswhentheignition switchisin "OFF" or
"ACC" position. Therefore, NATSwarns outsiders thatthevehi-
cle isequipped withtheanti-theft system.
• When NATSdetects trouble, themalfunction indicatorlamp
(MIL) blinks.
This blinking indicates thattheanti-theft isnot functioning,
so prompt service isrequired.
• When servicing NATS(trouble diagnoses, systeminitialisa-
tion andadditional registration ofother NATS ignition key
IDs), CONSULT hardwareandCONSULT NATSsoftware is
necessary.
Regarding theprocedures ofNATS initialisation andNATS
ignition key
10
registration, refertoCONSULT operation
manual, NATSV2.0.

Therefore, CONSULTNATSsoftware (program cardandoper-
ation manual) mustbekept strictly confidential tomaintain the
integrity ofthe anti-theft function.

• When servicing NATSV2.0(trouble diagnoses, systemini-
tial isation andadditional registration ofother NATS ignition
key IDs),
it
may benecessary tore-register originalkey
identification. Therefore,besure toreceive allkeys from
vehicle owner.
A maximum offour keyIDscan beregistered intoNATS.
• When failing tostart theengine first-time usingthekey of
NATS V2.0,startasfollows.
(1) Turn ignition keyto"OFF".
(2) Wait approx. 5seconds.
(3) Turn ignition keyto"START" againwhilekeeping the
key apart fromanyothers onkey-chain.

SGI285 General
Precautions

• Donot operate theengine foranextended periodoftime
without properexhaust ventilation.
Keep thework areawellventilated andfree ofany flamma-
ble materials. Specialcareshould betaken whenhandling
any flammable orpoisonous materials,suchasgasoline,
refrigerant gas,etc.When working inapit orother enclosed
area, besure toproperly ventilate thearea before working
with hazardous materials.
Do not smoke whileworking onthe vehicle.

GI-3

SEF289HSGI233
SGI234 PRECAUTIONS
General Precautions (Cont'd)

• Before jacking upthe vehicle, applywheel chocks orother
tire blocks tothe wheels toprevent thevehicle frommov-
ing. After jacking upthe vehicle, supportthevehicle weight
with safety stands atthe points designated forproper lifting
before working onthe vehicle.
These operations shouldbedone onalevel surface.
• When removing aheavy component suchasthe engine or
transaxle/transmission, becareful nottolose your balance
and drop them. Also,donot allow themtostrike adjacent
parts, especially thebrake tubesandmaster cylinder.
• Before starting repairswhichdonot require batterypower:
Turn offignition switch.
Disconnect thenegative batteryterminal.
• Toprevent seriousburns:
Avoid contact withhotmetal parts.
Do not remove theradiator capwhen theengine ishot.
• Before servicing thevehicle:
Protect fenders, upholstery andcarpeting withappropriate
covers.
Take caution thatkeys, buckles orbuttons donot scratch
paint.
• Clean alldisassembled partsinthe designated liquidor
solvent priortoinspection orassembly.
• Replace oilseals, gaskets, packings, O-rings,locking
washers, cotterpins,self-locking nuts,etc.with newones.
• Replace innerandouter races oftapered rollerbearings
and needle bearings asaset.
• Arrange thedisassembled partsinaccordance withtheir
assembled locationsandsequence.
• Donot touch theterminals ofelectrical components which
use microcomputers (suchasECMs).
Static electricity maydamage internalelectronic compo-
nents.

GI-4

PRECAUTIONS
General Precautions (Cont'd)

• After disconnecting vacuumorair hoses, attachatag to
indicate theproper connection.
• Use only thefluids andlubricants specifiedinthis manual.
• Use approved bondingagent,sealants ortheir equivalents
when required.
• Use tools andrecommended specialtoolswhere specified
for safe andefficient servicerepairs.
• When repairing thefuel, oil,water, vacuum orexhaust
systems, checkallaffected linesforleaks.
• Dispose ofdrained oilorthe solvent usedforcleaning parts
in an appropriate manner.

Precautions forMultiport FuelInjection System
or ECCS Engine

• Before connecting ordisconnecting anyharness connector
for the multiport fuelinjection systemorEGM (EGGS control
module):
Turn ignition switchto"OFF" position.
Disconnect negativebatteryterminal.
Otherwise, theremaybedamage toEGM.
• Before disconnecting pressurizedfuellinefrom fuelpump to
injectors, besure torelease fuelpressure.
• Becareful nottojar components suchasEGM andmass air
flow sensor.

Precautions forThree WayCatalyst

If a large amount ofunburned fuelflows intothecatalyst, the
catalyst temperature willbeexcessively high.Toprevent this,
follow theinstructions below:
• Use unleaded gasolineonly.Leaded gasoline willseriously
damage thethree waycatalyst.
• When checking forignition sparkormeasuring engine
compression, maketestsquickly andonly when necessary.
• Donot run engine whenthefuel tank level islow, otherwise
the engine maymisfire causing damage tothe catalyst.
Do not place thevehicle onflammable material.Keepflamma-
ble material offthe exhaust pipeandthethree waycatalyst.

Engine Oils

Prolonged andrepeated contactwithused engine oilmay
cause skincancer. Trytoavoid direct skincontact withused oil.
If skin contact is.made, washthoroughly withsoap orhand
cleaner assoon aspossible.

HEALTH PROTECTION PRECAUTIONS

• Avoid prolonged andrepeated contactwithoils, particularly
used engine oils.
• Wear protective clothing,including impervious gloves
where practicable.
• Donot putoily rags inpockets.
• Avoid contaminating clothes,particularly underpants, with

oil.

• Heavily soiledclothing andoil-impregnated footwearshould
not beworn. Overalls mustbecleaned regularly.
• First Aidtreatment shouldbeobtained immediately foropen
cuts andwounds.
• Use barrier creams, applying thembefore eachwork
period, tohelp theremoval ofoil from theskin.

GI-5
•

PRECAUTIONS
Engine Oils(ConI' d)

• Wash withsoap andwater toensure alloil isremoved (skin
cleansers andnailbrushes willhelp). Preparations contain-
ing lanolin replace thenatural skinoilswhich havebeen
removed.
• Donot use gasoline, kerosine, dieselfuel,gasoil,thinners
or solvents forcleaning skin.

• If
skin disorders develop,obtainmedical advicewithout
delay.
• Where practicable, degreasecomponents priortohandling.
• Where thereisarisk ofeye contact, eyeprotection should
be worn, forexample, chemicalgogglesorface shields; in
addition aneye wash facility should beprovided.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONPRECAUTIONS

Burning usedengine oilinsmall space heaters orboilers can
be recommended onlyforunits ofapproved design.Theheat-
ing system mustmeettherequirements ofHM Inspectorate of
Pollution forsmall burners ofless than 0.4MW. Ifin doubt check
with theappropriate localauthority and/ormanufacturer ofthe
approved appliance.
Dispose ofused oiland used oilfilters through authorized
waste disposal contractors tolicensed wastedisposal sites,or
to the waste oilreclamation trade.Ifin doubt, contact thelocal
authority foradvice ondisposal facilities.
It is illegal topour used oilontothe ground, downsewers or
drains, orinto water courses.
The regulations concerningthepollution ofthe environment
will vary between regions.

Precautions forFuel
GASOLINE ENGINE:

For Europe

Unleaded gasolineofat least 95octane (RON)
CAUTION: Do not use leaded gasoline. Usingleaded gasoline willdamage
the catalytic converter.

Except Europe

Unleaded gasolineofat least 91octane (RON)

DIESEL ENGINE*:

Diesel fuelofat least 50cetane
If two types ofdiesel fuelareavailable, usesummer or
winter fuelproperly according tothe following temperature
conditions.
• Above -rc(20°F) Summer typediesel fuel.
• Below
-rc
(20°F) Wintertypediesel fuel.
CAUTION:
• Donot use home heating oil,gasoline, orother alternate
fuels inyour diesel engine. Theuseofthose cancause
engine damage.
• Donot use summer fuelattemperature below_7°C(20°F).
The cold temperatures willcause waxtoform inthe fuel. As
a result, itmay prevent theengine fromrunning smoothly.
• Donot add gasoline orother alternate fuelstodiesel fuel.

GI-6

HOWTOUSE THIS MANUAL

ManualTransaxle/Transmission
Automatic Transaxle/
Transmission
Air Conditioner
Power Steering
Special Service Tools
Society ofAutomotive Engineers,

Inc.

Automatic Transmission Fluid
Drive range 1stgear
Drive range 2ndgear
Drive range 3rdgear
Drive range 4thgear
Overdrive
2nd range 2ndgear
2nd range 1stgear
1st range 2ndgear
1st range 1stgear

A/C
PIS

Tool SAE
ATF

0
1

O
2

0
3

0
4

00

2
2

2
1
1
2

1
1

•
The following
SYMBOLS ANDABBREVIATIONS
areused:

to;J,
l\tI
Tightening torque M/T

IE!
Shouldbelubricated withgrease. A/T
Unless otherwise indicated,use
recommended multi-purpose
grease.
Should belubricated withoil.
Sealing point
Checking point
Always replaceafterevery disas-
sembly.
Apply petroleum jelly.
Apply ATF.
Select withproper thickness.
Adjustment isrequired.
Service DataandSpecifications
Left-Hand, Right-Hand
Front, Rear

IE!
~

@

*

1I
SDS LH, RH

FR, RR
• The
UNITS
giveninthis manual areprimarily expressed asthe SlUNIT (International SystemofUnit),
and alternatively expressedinthe metric system andinthe yard/pound system.

"Example" Tightening torque:
59 -78 N'm (6.0-8.0 kg-m, 43-58 ft-Ib)
• TROUBLE DIAGNOSES
areincluded insections dealingwithcomplicated components.

• SERVICE DATAANDSPECIFICATIONS
arecontained atthe end ofeach section forquick reference
of data.
• The captions
WARNING
and
CAUTION
warnyouofsteps thatmust befollowed toprevent personal
injury and/or damage tosome partofthe vehicle.

WARNING
indicatesthepossibility ofpersonal injuryifinstructions arenotfollowed.

CAUTION
indicatesthepossibility ofcomponent damageifinstructions arenotfollowed.

BOLD TYPED STATEMENTS
except
WARNING
and
CAUTION
giveyouhelpful information.

GI-8