engine NISSAN X-TRAIL 2003 Electronic Repair Manual

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PRECAUTIONS
PRECAUTIONS
PFP:00001
Precautions for Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) “AIR BAG” and “SEAT
BELT PRE-TENSIONER”
EBS00B0I
The Supplemental Restraint System such as “AIR BAG” and “SEAT BELT PRE-TENSIONER”, used along
with a front seat belt, helps to reduce the risk or severity of injury to the driver and front passenger for certain
types of collision. Information necessary to service the system safely is included in the SRS and SB section of
this Service Manual.
WAR NIN G:
lTo avoid rendering the SRS inoperative, which could increase the risk of personal injury or death
in the event of a collision which would result in air bag inflation, all maintenance must be per-
formed by an authorized NISSAN/INFINITI dealer.
lImproper maintenance, including incorrect removal and installation of the SRS, can lead to per-
sonal injury caused by unintentional activation of the system. For removal of Spiral Cable and Air
Bag Module, see the SRS section.
lDo not use electrical test equipment on any circuit related to the SRS unless instructed to in this
Service Manual. SRS wiring harnesses can be identified by yellow harness connectors.
On Board Diagnostic (OBD) System of Engine and A/TEBS00B0J
The ECM has an on board diagnostic system. It will light up the malfunction indicator (MI) to warn the driver of
a malfunction causing emission deterioration.
CAUTION:
lBe sure to turn the ignition switch OFF and disconnect the negative battery terminal before any
repair or inspection work. The open/short circuit of related switches, sensors, solenoid valves,
etc. will cause the MI to light up.
lBe sure to connect and lock the connectors securely after work. A loose (unlocked) connector will
cause the MI to light up due to the open circuit. (Be sure the connector is free from water, grease,
dirt, bent terminals, etc.)
lCertain systems and components, especially those related to OBD, may use a new style slide-
locking type harness connector. For description and how to disconnect, refer toPG-70, "
HAR-
NESS CONNECTOR".
lBe sure to route and secure the harnesses properly after work. The interference of the harness
with a bracket, etc. may cause the MI to light up due to the short circuit.
lBe sure to connect rubber tubes properly after work. A misconnected or disconnected rubber tube
may cause the MI to light up due to the malfunction of the fuel injection system, etc.
lBe sure to erase the unnecessary malfunction information (repairs completed) from the ECM and
TCM (Transmission control module) before returning the vehicle to the customer.
PrecautionEBS00B0K
lAlways use a 12 volt battery as power source.
lDo not attempt to disconnect battery cables while engine is
running.
lBefore connecting or disconnecting the ECM harness con-
nector, turn ignition switch OFF and disconnect negative
battery terminal. Failure to do so may damage the ECM
because battery voltage is applied to ECM even if ignition
switch is turned off.
lBefore removing parts, turn ignition switch OFF and then
disconnect battery ground cable.
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PRECAUTIONS
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lDo not disassemble ECM.
lIf a battery terminal is disconnected, the memory will return
to the ECM value.
The ECM will now start to self-control at its initial value.
Engine operation can vary slightly when the terminal is dis-
connected. However, this is not an indication of a problem.
Do not replace parts because of a slight variation.
lWhen connecting ECM harness connector, fasten it
securely with a lever as far as it will go as shown at right.
lWhen connecting or disconnecting pin connectors into or
from ECM, take care not to damage pin terminals (bend or
break).
Make sure that there are not any bends or breaks on ECM
pin terminal, when connecting pin connectors.
lSecurely connect ECM harness connectors.
A poor connection can cause an extremely high (surge)
voltage to develop in coil and condenser, thus resulting in
damage to ICs.
lKeep engine control system harness at least 10 cm (4 in)
away from adjacent harness, to prevent engine control sys-
tem malfunctions due to receiving external noise, degraded
operation of ICs, etc.
lKeep engine control system parts and harness dry.
lBefore replacing ECM, perform “ECM Terminals and Refer-
ence Value” inspection and make sure ECM functions prop-
erly. Refer toEC-79
.
lHandle mass air flow sensor carefully to avoid damage.
lDo not disassemble mass air flow sensor.
lDo not clean mass air flow sensor with any type of deter-
gent.
lDo not disassemble electric throttle control actuator.
lEven a slight leak in the air intake system can cause seri-
ous problems.
lDo not shock or jar the camshaft position sensor (PHASE),
crankshaft position sensor (POS).
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SEF908W
PBIB0090E
MEF040D

PRECAUTIONS
EC-19
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lDo not depress accelerator pedal when starting.
lImmediately after starting, do not rev up engine unneces-
sarily.
lDo not rev up engine just prior to shutdown.
lWhen installing C.B. ham radio or a mobile phone, be sure
to observe the following as it may adversely affect elec-
tronic control systems depending on installation location.
–Keep the antenna as far as possible from the electronic
control units.
–Keep the antenna feeder line more than 20 cm (8 in) away
from the harness of electronic controls.
Do not let them run parallel for a long distance.
–Adjust the antenna and feeder line so that the standing-
wave radio can be kept smaller.
–Be sure to ground the radio to vehicle body.
Wiring Diagrams and Trouble DiagnosisEBS00B0L
When you read Wiring diagrams, refer to the following:
lGI-14, "HowtoReadWiringDiagrams"
lPG-2, "POWER SUPPLY ROUTING"for power distribution circuit
When you perform trouble diagnosis, refer to the following:
lGI-11, "HOW TO FOLLOW TEST GROUPS IN TROUBLE DIAGNOSES"
lGI-24, "How to Perform Efficient Diagnosis for an Electrical Incident"
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EC-20
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PREPARATION
PREPARATION
PFP:00002
Special Service ToolsEBS00B0M
The actual shapes of Kent-Moore tools may differ from those of special service tools illustrated here.
Commercial Service ToolsEBS00B0N
Tool number
Tool nameDescription
KV10117100
Heated oxygen
sensor wrenchLoosening or tightening heated oxygen sensors
with 22 mm (0.87 in) hexagon nut
KV10114400
Heated oxygen
sensor wrenchLoosening or tightening heated oxygen sensors
a: 22 mm (0.87 in)
S-NT379
S-NT636
Tool name (Kent-
Moore No.)Description
Quick connector
releaseRemoving fuel tube quick connectors in engine
room
(Available in SEC. 164 of PARTS CATALOG:
Part No. 16441 6N210)
Fuel filler cap adapter Checking fuel tank vacuum relief valve opening
pressure
Socket wrench Removing and installing engine coolant
temperature sensor
PBIC0198E
S-NT653
S-NT705

EC-22
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ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM
ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM
PFP:23710
System DiagramEBS00B0O
PBIB0488E

ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM
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Vacuum Hose DrawingEBS00B0P
Refer toEC-22, "System Diagram"for Vacuum Control System.
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ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM
System Chart
EBS00B0Q
*1: This sensor is not used to control the engine system under normal conditions.
*2: These signals are sent to the ECM through CAN communication line.
Multiport Fuel Injection (MFI) SystemEBS00B0R
INPUT/OUTPUT SIGNAL CHART
*1: Under normal conditions, this sensor is not for engine control operation.
*2: This signal is sent to the ECM through CAN communication line.Input (Sensor) ECM Function Output (Actuator)
lCamshaft position sensor (PHASE)
lCrankshaft position sensor (POS)
lMass air flow sensor
lEngine coolant temperature sensor
lHeated oxygen sensor 1
lThrottle position sensor
lAccelerator pedal position sensor
lPark/neutral position (PNP) switch
lIntake air temperature sensor
lPower steering pressure sensor
lIgnition switch
lBattery voltage
lKnock sensor
lRefrigerant pressure sensor
lHeated oxygen sensor 2 *1
lTCM (Transmission control module) *2
lESP/TCS/ABS control unit *2
lWheel sensor
lAir conditioner switch
lElectrical loadFuel injection & mixture ratio control Fuel injectors
Electronic ignition system Power transistors
Fuel pump control Fuel pump relay
On board diagnostic system MI (On the instrument panel)
Heated oxygen sensor 1 heater control Heated oxygen sensor 1 heater
Heated oxygen sensor 2 heater control Heated oxygen sensor 2 heater
EVAP canister purge flow controlEVAP canister purge volume control
solenoid valve
Air conditioning cut control Air conditioner relay
Cooling fan control Cooling fan relays
Sensor Input Signal to ECMECM func-
tionActuator
Crankshaft position sensor (POS)
Engine speed
Piston position
Fuel injec-
tion & mix-
ture ratio
controlFuel injectors Camshaft position sensor (PHASE)
Mass air flow sensor Amount of intake air
Engine coolant temperature sensor Engine coolant temperature
Heated oxygen sensor 1 Density of oxygen in exhaust gas
Throttle position sensor Throttle position
Accelerator pedal position sensor Accelerator pedal position
Park/neutral position (PNP) switch Gear position
Ignition switch Start signal
Knock sensor Engine knocking condition
Battery Battery voltage
Power steering pressure sensor Power steering operation
Heated oxygen sensor 2 *1 Density of oxygen in exhaust gas
ESP/TCS/ABS control unit *2 ESP/TCS operation command
Wheel sensor Vehicle speed
Air conditioner switch Air conditioner operation

ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM
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SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The amount of fuel injected from the fuel injector is determined by the ECM. The ECM controls the length of
time the valve remains open (injection pulse duration). The amount of fuel injected is a program value in the
ECM memory. The program value is preset by engine operating conditions. These conditions are determined
by input signals (for engine speed and intake air) from both the crankshaft position sensor and the mass air
flow sensor.
VARIOUS FUEL INJECTION INCREASE/DECREASE COMPENSATION
In addition, the amount of fuel injected is compensated to improve engine performance under various operat-
ing conditions as listed below.

lDuring warm-up
lWhen starting the engine
lDuring acceleration
lHot-engine operation
lWhen selector lever is changed from “N” to “D”
lHigh-load, high-speed operation

lDuring deceleration
lDuring high engine speed operation
MIXTURE RATIO FEEDBACK CONTROL (CLOSED LOOP CONTROL)
The mixture ratio feedback system provides the best air-fuel mixture ratio for driveability and emission control.
The three way catalyst (manifold) can then better reduce CO, HC and NOx emissions. This system uses
heated oxygen sensor 1 in the exhaust manifold to monitor if the engine operation is rich or lean. The ECM
adjusts the injection pulse width according to the sensor voltage signal. For more information about heated
oxygen sensor 1, refer toEC-160
. This maintains the mixture ratio within the range of stoichiometric (ideal air-
fuel mixture).
This stage is referred to as the closed loop control condition.
Heated oxygen sensor 2 is located downstream of the three way catalyst (manifold). Even if the switching
characteristics of heated oxygen sensor 1 shift, the air-fuel ratio is controlled to stoichiometric by the signal
from heated oxygen sensor 2.
Open Loop Control
The open loop system condition refers to when the ECM detects any of the following conditions. Feedback
control stops in order to maintain stabilized fuel combustion.
lDeceleration and acceleration
lHigh-load, high-speed operation
lMalfunction of heated oxygen sensor 1 or its circuit
lInsufficient activation of heated oxygen sensor 1 at low engine coolant temperature
lHigh engine coolant temperature
lDuring warm-up
lAfter shifting from “N” to “D”
lWhen starting the engine
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EC-26
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ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM
MIXTURE RATIO SELF-LEARNING CONTROL
The mixture ratio feedback control system monitors the mixture ratio signal transmitted from heated oxygen
sensor 1. This feedback signal is then sent to the ECM. The ECM controls the basic mixture ratio as close to
the theoretical mixture ratio as possible. However, the basic mixture ratio is not necessarily controlled as orig-
inally designed. Both manufacturing differences (i.e., mass air flow sensor hot film) and characteristic changes
during operation (i.e., injector clogging) directly affect mixture ratio.
Accordingly, the difference between the basic and theoretical mixture ratios is monitored in this system. This is
then computed in terms of “injection pulse duration” to automatically compensate for the difference between
the two ratios.
“Fuel trim” refers to the feedback compensation value compared against the basic injection duration. Fuel trim
includes short term fuel trim and long term fuel trim.
“Short term fuel trim” is the short-term fuel compensation used to maintain the mixture ratio at its theoretical
value. The signal from heated oxygen sensor 1 indicates whether the mixture ratio is RICH or LEAN compared
to the theoretical value. The signal then triggers a reduction in fuel volume if the mixture ratio is rich, and an
increase in fuel volume if it is lean.
“Long term fuel trim” is overall fuel compensation carried out long-term to compensate for continual deviation
of the short term fuel trim from the central value. Such deviation will occur due to individual engine differences,
wear over time and changes in the usage environment.
FUEL INJECTION TIMING
Two types of systems are used.
Sequential Multiport Fuel Injection System
Fuel is injected into each cylinder during each engine cycle according to the firing order. This system is used
when the engine is running.
Simultaneous Multiport Fuel Injection System
Fuel is injected simultaneously into all four cylinders twice each engine cycle. In other words, pulse signals of
the same width are simultaneously transmitted from the ECM.
The four injectors will then receive the signals two times for each engine cycle.
This system is used when the engine is being started and/or if the fail-safe system (CPU) is operating.
FUEL SHUT-OFF
Fuel to each cylinder is cut off during deceleration or operation of the engine at excessively high speeds.
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ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM
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Electronic Ignition (EI) SystemEBS00B0S
INPUT/OUTPUT SIGNAL CHART
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The ignition timing is controlled by the ECM to maintain the best air-
fuel ratio for every running condition of the engine. The ignition tim-
ing data is stored in the ECM. This data forms the map shown.
The ECM receives information such as the injection pulse width and
camshaft position sensor signal. Computing this information, ignition
signals are transmitted to the power transistor.
e.g.,N:1,800rpm,Tp:1.50msec
A°BTDC
During the following conditions, the ignition timing is revised by the
ECM according to the other data stored in the ECM.
lAt starting
lDuring warm-up
lAt idle
lAt low battery voltage
lDuring acceleration
The knock sensor retard system is designed only for emergencies. The basic ignition timing is programmed
within the anti-knocking zone, if recommended fuel is used under dry conditions. The retard system does not
operate under normal driving conditions. If engine knocking occurs, the knock sensor monitors the condition.
The signal is transmitted to the ECM. The ECM retards the ignition timing to eliminate the knocking condition.
Air Conditioning Cut ControlEBS00B0T
INPUT/OUTPUT SIGNAL CHART
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
This system improves engine operation when the air conditioner is used.
Under the following conditions, the air conditioner is turned off.
Sensor Input Signal to ECMECM func-
tionActuator
Crankshaft position sensor (POS)
Engine speed
Piston position
Ignition
timing con-
trolPower transistor Camshaft position sensor (PHASE)
Mass air flow sensor Amount of intake air
Engine coolant temperature sensor Engine coolant temperature
Throttle position sensor Throttle position
Accelerator pedal position sensor Accelerator pedal position
Ignition switch Start signal
Knock sensor Engine knocking
Park/neutral position (PNP) switch Gear position
Battery Battery voltage
Wheel sensor Vehicle speed
SEF742M
Sensor Input Signal to ECM ECM function Actuator
Air conditioner switch Air conditioner “ON” signal
Air conditioner
cut controlAir conditioner relay Throttle position sensor Throttle valve opening angle
Crankshaft position sensor (POS) Engine speed
Engine coolant temperature sensor Engine coolant temperature
Ignition switch Start signal
Refrigerant pressure sensor Refrigerant pressure
Power steering pressure sensor Power steering operation
Wheel sensor Vehicle speed